College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Oct 1;637-638:1051-1060. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.058. Epub 2018 May 13.
Individual footprint indicators are limited in that they usually only address one specific environmental aspect. For this reason, assessments involving multiple footprint indicators are preferred. However, the interpretation of a profile of footprint indicators can be difficult as the relative importance of the different footprint results is not readily discerned by decision-makers. In this study, a time series (1997-2012) of carbon, water and land footprints was calculated for industry sectors in the Beijing region using input-output analysis. An integrated environmental footprint (IEF) was subsequently developed using normalization and entropy weighting. The results show that steep increases in environmental footprint have accompanied Beijing's rapid economic development. In 2012, the Primary Industry had the largest IEF (8.32); however, the Secondary Industry had the greatest increase over the study period, from 0.19 to 6.37. For the Primary Industry, the greatest contribution to the IEF came from the land footprint. For the Secondary and Tertiary Industries, the water footprint was most important. Using the IEF, industry sectors with low resource utilization efficiency and high greenhouse gas emissions intensity can be identified. As such, the IEF can help to inform about industry sectors which should be given priority for modernization as well as the particular footprints that require priority attention in each sector. The IEF can also be helpful in identifying industry sectors that could be encouraged to expand within the Beijing region as they are especially efficient in terms of value adding relative to IEF. Other industries, over time, may be better located in other regions that do not face the same environmental pressures as Beijing.
个体足迹指标存在局限性，因为它们通常只涉及一个特定的环境方面。出于这个原因，涉及多个足迹指标的评估更受青睐。然而，由于决策者不容易辨别不同足迹结果的相对重要性，因此对足迹指标的分布进行解释可能具有一定难度。在本研究中，使用投入产出分析计算了北京地区工业部门 1997 年至 2012 年的碳、水和土地足迹的时间序列。随后，采用归一化和熵权法开发了综合环境足迹（IEF）。结果表明，北京经济快速发展的同时，环境足迹也在急剧增加。2012 年，第一产业的 IEF（8.32）最大；然而，第二产业在研究期间的增长幅度最大，从 0.19 增加到 6.37。对于第一产业，对 IEF 贡献最大的是土地足迹。对于第二产业和第三产业，水足迹最重要。通过使用 IEF，可以确定资源利用效率低且温室气体排放强度高的工业部门。因此，IEF 可以为需要现代化的产业部门以及每个部门需要优先关注的特定足迹提供信息。IEF 还可以帮助确定在北京市内可以鼓励扩张的产业部门，因为它们相对于 IEF 来说，在附加值方面效率特别高。随着时间的推移，其他行业可能更适合位于那些不像北京那样面临同样环境压力的其他地区。
