Hastings Cent Rep. 2018 May;48(3):inside back cover. doi: 10.1002/hast.842.
Following a boom in investment and overinflated expectations in the 1980s, artificial intelligence entered a period of retrenchment known as the "AI winter." With advances in the field of machine learning and the availability of large datasets for training various types of artificial neural networks, AI is in another cycle of halcyon days. Although medicine is particularly recalcitrant to change, applications of AI in health care have professionals in fields like radiology worried about the future of their careers and have the public tittering about the prospect of soulless machines making life-and-death decisions. Medicine thus appears to be at an inflection point-a kind of Groundhog Day on which either AI will bring a springtime of improved diagnostic and predictive practices or the shadow of public and professional fear will lead to six more metaphorical weeks of winter in medical AI.
在 20 世纪 80 年代投资和期望膨胀的热潮之后，人工智能进入了一个被称为“人工智能寒冬”的紧缩时期。随着机器学习领域的进步以及用于训练各种类型人工神经网络的大型数据集的出现，人工智能又迎来了一段平静的时期。尽管医学领域特别难以改变，但人工智能在医疗保健中的应用让放射科等领域的专业人士对自己职业生涯的未来感到担忧，并让公众对无情的机器做出生死攸关的决策感到窃笑。因此，医学似乎正处于一个转折点——一种似曾相识的局面，如果人工智能将带来改进的诊断和预测实践的春天，或者公众和专业人士的恐惧阴影将导致医疗人工智能再经历六个类似的寒冬。
