School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK.
Hugh Sinclair Human Nutrition Unit, Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, UK.
Appetite. 2018 Sep 1;128:32-43. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.140. Epub 2018 May 26.
Repeated taste exposure is an established means of increasing children's liking and intake of fruit and vegetables. However, parents find it difficult to offer children disliked foods repeatedly, often giving up after a few attempts. Studies show that familiarizing children to fruit and vegetables through picture books can increase their interest in tasting targeted foods. This study explored whether looking at picture books before providing foods to taste improved the outcomes of a home-delivered taste exposure regime. Parents of 127 toddlers (aged 21-24 months) identified two 'target' foods they wanted their child to eat (1 fruit, 1 vegetable). Families were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Parents and children in two experimental groups looked at books about either the target fruit or vegetable every day for two weeks; the control group did not receive a book. Parents in all three groups were then asked to offer their child both target foods every day during a 2-week taste-exposure phase. Parental ratings of children's liking and consumption of the foods were collected at baseline, immediately following taste-exposure (post-intervention), and 3 months later (follow-up). In all groups, liking of both foods increased following taste exposure and remained above baseline at follow-up (all ps < .001). In addition, compared to the control group who experienced only taste exposure, looking at vegetable books enhanced children's liking of their target vegetable post-intervention (p < .001) and at follow-up (p < .05), and increased consumption of the vegetable at follow-up (p < .01). Exposure to vegetable books was also associated with smaller increases in neophobia and food fussiness over the period of the study compared to controls (ps < .01), suggesting that picture books may have positive, long-term impacts on children's attitudes towards new foods.
反复接触某种食物是增加儿童对水果和蔬菜的喜爱和摄入量的一种既定方法。然而，父母发现很难反复给孩子提供不喜欢的食物，通常尝试几次后就放弃了。研究表明，通过图画书让孩子熟悉水果和蔬菜可以增加他们品尝目标食物的兴趣。本研究探讨了在提供食物品尝之前让孩子看图画书是否能改善家庭提供的味觉暴露方案的结果。127 名 21-24 个月大幼儿的父母确定了他们希望孩子吃的两种“目标”食物（1 种水果，1 种蔬菜）。家庭被随机分配到三个组之一。两个实验组的父母和孩子每天看两周关于目标水果或蔬菜的书；对照组没有收到书。然后，所有三组的父母都被要求在两周的味觉暴露阶段每天给孩子提供两种目标食物。在基线、味觉暴露后（干预后）和 3 个月后（随访）收集了父母对孩子对食物的喜爱和食用量的评价。在所有组中，两种食物的喜爱程度在味觉暴露后都有所增加，并且在随访时仍高于基线（所有 p 值均<0.001）。此外，与仅接受味觉暴露的对照组相比，看蔬菜书可以提高孩子对目标蔬菜的喜爱程度，无论是在干预后（p<0.001）还是随访时（p<0.05），并增加对蔬菜的食用量在随访时（p<0.01）。与对照组相比，接触蔬菜书在研究期间还与新食物恐惧症和食物挑剔的程度较小增加有关（p<0.01），这表明图画书可能对儿童对新食物的态度产生积极的、长期的影响。
