Ondračková M, Kvach Y, Martens A, Jurajda P
The Czech Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Biology,Květná 8,603 65 Brno,Czech Republic.
Institute of Biology,Karlsruhe University of Education,Bismarckstrasse 10,76133 Karlsruhe,Germany.
J Helminthol. 2019 Jul;93(4):453-460. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X18000469. Epub 2018 May 29.
Metazoan parasite communities of Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae), one of the most successfully introduced fish species in Europe, were studied at two isolated ponds (Knielingen, Tropfen) along the Upper Rhine in Germany. Nine parasite taxa were observed, including North American species co-introduced to Europe (ancyrocephalid monogeneans, diplostomid trematodes), circumpolar species infecting L. gibbosus in both their native and non-native ranges (bothriocephalid cestodes) and locally acquired parasitic nematodes. Both parasite communities consisted predominantly of North American species. Acquisition of local parasites was not observed at Tropfen, where the fish community comprised just two species, with L. gibbosus dominant. Low prevalence and abundance of acquired parasites was found at Knielingen, which supported a diverse fish community. At Tropfen, a high abundance of the North American parasite Posthodiplostomum centrarchi probably contributed to the lower condition index, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly observed. Due to low local parasite competency, L. gibbosus appears to have no significant impact on parasite dynamics in affected habitats.
在德国莱茵河上游的两个孤立池塘(克尼林根、特罗普芬),对欧洲最成功引入的鱼类物种之一——驼背太阳鱼(鲈形目太阳鱼科)的后生动物寄生虫群落进行了研究。观察到9个寄生虫分类单元,包括与北美物种一同引入欧洲的物种(锚首虫科单殖吸虫、复口吸虫科吸虫)、在其原生和非原生分布范围内均感染驼背太阳鱼的环极物种(裂头绦虫科绦虫)以及当地获得的寄生线虫。两个寄生虫群落主要由北美物种组成。在特罗普芬未观察到当地寄生虫的获得情况,那里的鱼类群落仅由两个物种组成,以驼背太阳鱼为主。在支持多样化鱼类群落的克尼林根,发现获得性寄生虫的患病率和丰度较低。在特罗普芬,北美寄生虫中双穴吸虫的高丰度可能是观察到的较低状况指数、肝肿大和脾肿大的原因。由于当地寄生虫能力较低,驼背太阳鱼似乎对受影响栖息地的寄生虫动态没有显著影响。