[Solutions against Declining Birthrates Confronting Japan's Aging Society by Supporting Female Workers in Harmonizing Work with Their Health and Social Issues: Fertility, Chronic Illness, and Raising Children].

Japan is currently facing serious social problems related to low birth rates and aging. We propose two possible solutions from the perspective of occupational health. First, companies should establish support systems to help working women with pregnancy and childbirth. Such systems would require the cooperation and understanding of coworkers, including men, and the introduction of flexible work schedules that are also designed to allow workers to care for family members with disabilities. Additionally, with regard to the protection and promotion of the fertility of working women, occupational health staff members should provide education to working women regarding appropriate lifestyle choices in areas such as diet, prevention of work-related health problems, and mental health before and after childbirth. Moreover, workers undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures should be supported as they experience physical, mental, and economic burdens associated with this process. Second, companies should guarantee the right of workers to take a sick leave and then return to work so they can balance work and the need to treat chronic conditions. Occupational staff members should follow up employees who return to work, by offering, for example, mental health care to cancer survivors. They should also play important roles in preventing the exacerbation of disease and empowering workers to continue their visits to medical institutions. Collaborative study bridges between companies and medical institutions are necessary for the promotion of these harmonization schemes.