Li Changlei, Benesty Jacob, Chen Jingdong
Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, and School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, 800 de la Gauchetiere Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H5A 1K6, Canada.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2018 May;143(5):2651. doi: 10.1121/1.5035272.
This paper develops an approach to beamforming with small spacing uniform linear microphone arrays based on the null-steering (NS) principle. It first formulates the beamforming problem from the conventional mean-squared error (MSE) criterion and its normalized version. Several NS algorithms are then derived for beamforming with the constraint of placing nulls to either a single direction or multiple angles. The difference and relationships between different algorithms are discussed and their performances are evaluated. These algorithms can be used to design either fixed or adaptive beamformers. In the former case, the resulting beamformers work as differential microphone arrays (DMAs) since they exhibit frequency-invariant beampatterns and their directivity factors are high with a given number of sensors. In the latter case, the resulting beamformers can be viewed as a combination of DMAs and single-channel noise reduction since they do not only exhibit frequency-invariant beampatterns but also can achieve noise reduction based on the noise statistics.
本文基于零陷导向（NS）原理，提出了一种用于小间距均匀线性麦克风阵列的波束形成方法。首先从传统的均方误差（MSE）准则及其归一化形式出发，阐述了波束形成问题。然后推导了几种NS算法，用于在将零陷放置到单个方向或多个角度的约束下进行波束形成。讨论了不同算法之间的差异和关系，并评估了它们的性能。这些算法可用于设计固定波束形成器或自适应波束形成器。在前一种情况下，所得的波束形成器可作为差分麦克风阵列（DMA），因为它们具有频率不变的波束图，并且在给定数量的传感器下其方向性因子较高。在后一种情况下，所得的波束形成器可视为DMA和单通道降噪的组合，因为它们不仅具有频率不变的波束图，而且还可以基于噪声统计实现降噪。
