Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2018 Aug;53:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.011. Epub 2018 May 30.
Phospholipids are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the largest membrane bound organelle that forms membrane contact sites (MCS) with almost every other organelle. MCS are locations at which the membrane es of two organelles are closely positioned to provide a microenvironment where proteins in one membrane can interact with the opposite membrane. Thus, MCS provide an ideal location at which lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) can achieve the efficient transfer of individual classes of lipids from the ER to other organelles via non-vesicular transport. Here we provide an overview of emerging findings on the localization and biochemical activity of LTPs at MCS between the ER and other cellular membranes. The localization of LTPs at MCS offers an elegant cell biological solution to tune local lipid composition to ongoing cell physiology.
磷脂在内质网（ER）中合成，内质网是形成与几乎所有其他细胞器的膜接触位点（MCS）的最大膜结合细胞器。MCS 是两个细胞器的膜紧密定位的位置，提供了一个微环境，使一个膜中的蛋白质可以与相反的膜相互作用。因此，MCS 提供了一个理想的位置，脂质转移蛋白（LTP）可以通过非囊泡运输从 ER 有效地将个别脂质类转移到其他细胞器。在这里，我们提供了关于 LTP 在 ER 与其他细胞膜之间的 MCS 处的定位和生化活性的新发现的概述。LTP 在 MCS 的定位为调节局部脂质组成以适应细胞生理活动提供了一种优雅的细胞生物学解决方案。
