Rotterová Johana, Bourland William, Čepička Ivan
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1515, USA.
Protist. 2018 Jul;169(3):362-405. doi: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.04.003. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
We report a discovery of a novel family of anaerobic ciliates, Tropidoatractidae fam. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene show that the family Tropidoatractidae corresponds to the previously reported clade of environmental sequences closely related to the lineage consisting of orders Metopida and Clevelandellida. The family comprises two genera, Tropidoatractus and Palmarella, and five species, two of which are newly described herein. Tropidoatractidae are cosmopolitan Metopida with sparse somatic and oral ciliature, deep, cup-like buccal cavity, and hyaline cortex with interkinetal ridges. Moreover, all species occur in two morphotypes, slender and stout. They inhabit microoxic or anoxic freshwater, brackish, and marine sediments and possess anaerobic mitochondrion-related organelles and various prokaryotic symbionts. The discovery of Tropidoatractidae provides valuable information about the evolution of Armophorea and gives us insights to the diversity and ecological preferences of anaerobic ciliates in general.
我们报告发现了一个新的厌氧纤毛虫科——Tropidoatractidae科。基于18S rRNA基因的系统发育分析表明，Tropidoatractidae科对应于先前报道的与由Metopida目和Clevelandellida目组成的谱系密切相关的环境序列分支。该科包括两个属，Tropidoatractus属和Palmarella属，以及五个物种，其中两个在此处被新描述。Tropidoatractidae科是世界性的Metopida目，体表和口纤毛稀疏，口腔深且呈杯状，皮层透明且有动基间嵴。此外，所有物种都有两种形态类型，即细长型和粗壮型。它们栖息在微氧或缺氧的淡水、咸淡水和海洋沉积物中，拥有与厌氧线粒体相关的细胞器和各种原核共生体。Tropidoatractidae科的发现为Armophorea的进化提供了有价值的信息，并让我们对厌氧纤毛虫的多样性和生态偏好有了总体认识。
