Gideon Michael, Helppie-McFall Brooke, Hsu Joanne W
U.S. Census Bureau.
University of Michigan.
Surv Res Methods. 2017;11(2):189-214. doi: 10.18148/srm/2017.v11i2.6782.
Survey responses to quantitative financial questions frequently display strong patterns of heaping at round numbers. This paper uses two studies to examine variation in rounding across questions and by individual characteristics. Rounding was more common for respondents low in ability, for respondents low in motivation, and for more difficult questions, all consistent with theories of satisficing. Questions that require more difficult information retrieval and integration of information exhibit more heaping. The use of records, which lowers task difficulty, reduces rounding as well. Higher episodic memory is associated with less rounding, and standard measures of motivation are negatively associated with rounding. These relationships, along with the fact that longer response latencies are associated with less rounding, all support the idea that rounding is a manifestation of satisficing on open-ended financial questions. Rounding patterns also appear remarkably similar across the two studies, despite being fielded in different modes and employing different question order and wording.
对定量金融问题的调查回复常常呈现出在整数处大量堆积的强烈模式。本文通过两项研究来考察不同问题以及不同个体特征下的舍入差异。能力较低的受访者、动机较低的受访者以及较难的问题，舍入现象更为常见，这一切都与满意决策理论相符。需要更困难的信息检索和信息整合的问题表现出更多的堆积。使用记录降低了任务难度，同时也减少了舍入。较高的情景记忆与较少的舍入相关，而动机的标准衡量指标与舍入呈负相关。这些关系，以及较长的回答延迟与较少的舍入相关这一事实，都支持了舍入是开放式金融问题中满意决策的一种表现这一观点。尽管两项研究采用了不同的方式、不同的问题顺序和措辞，但舍入模式在两项研究中也显得非常相似。
