Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, USA.
Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 Nov;74(11):2424-2431. doi: 10.1002/ps.5105. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
Resistance of pathogens and pests to antibiotics and pesticides worldwide is rapidly reaching critical levels. The common-pool-resource nature of this problem (i.e. whereby the susceptibility to treatment of target organisms is a shared resource) has been largely overlooked. Using herbicide-resistant weeds as a model system, we developed a discrete-time landscape-scale simulation to investigate how aggregating herbicide management strategies at different spatial scales from individual farms to larger cooperative structures affects the evolution of glyphosate resistance in common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus).
Our findings indicate that high-efficacy herbicide management strategies practiced at the farm scale are insufficient to slow resistance evolution in A. tuberculatus. When best practices were aggregated at large spatial scales, resistance evolution was hindered; conversely, when poor management practices were aggregated, resistance was exacerbated. Tank mixture-based strategies were more effective than rotation-based strategies in most circumstances, while applying glyphosate alone resulted in the poorest outcomes.
Our findings highlight the importance of landscape-scale cooperative management for confronting common-pool-resource resistance problems in weeds and other analogous systems. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
全球范围内，病原体和害虫对抗生素和杀虫剂的耐药性迅速达到临界水平。这一问题的共有资源性质（即目标生物对治疗的敏感性是一种共有资源）在很大程度上被忽视了。我们以抗除草剂杂草为模型系统，开发了一个离散时间的景观尺度模拟，以研究在不同空间尺度（从单个农场到更大的合作结构）聚合除草剂管理策略如何影响普通豚草（Amaranthus tuberculatus）中草甘膦抗性的进化。
我们的研究结果表明，在农场尺度上实施高效的除草剂管理策略不足以减缓 A. tuberculatus 中抗性的进化。当最佳管理策略在大的空间尺度上聚集时，抗性进化受到阻碍；相反，当聚集了较差的管理实践时，抗性则加剧。在大多数情况下，基于桶混的策略比基于轮作的策略更有效，而单独使用草甘膦则导致最差的结果。
我们的研究结果强调了景观尺度合作管理在应对杂草和其他类似系统中共有资源抗性问题的重要性。
