Rood Julian I, Adams Vicki, Lacey Jake, Lyras Dena, McClane Bruce A, Melville Stephen B, Moore Robert J, Popoff Michel R, Sarker Mahfuzur R, Songer J Glenn, Uzal Francisco A, Van Immerseel Filip
Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Anaerobe. 2018 Oct;53:5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.04.011. Epub 2018 Apr 20.
Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is based on their ability to produce a combination of four typing toxins - α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin and ι-toxin - to divide C. perfringens strains into toxinotypes A to E. However, this scheme is now outdated since it does not take into account the discovery of other toxins that have been shown to be required for specific C. perfringens-mediated diseases. We present a long overdue revision of this toxinotyping scheme. The principles for the expansion of the typing system are described, as is a mechanism by which new toxinotypes can be proposed and subsequently approved. Based on these criteria two new toxinotypes have been established. C. perfringens type F consists of isolates that produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), but not β-toxin, ε-toxin or ι-toxin. Type F strains will include strains responsible for C. perfringens-mediated human food poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea. C. perfringens type G comprises isolates that produce NetB toxin and thereby cause necrotic enteritis in chickens. There are at least two candidates for future C. perfringens toxinotypes, but further experimental work is required before these toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted.
产气荚膜梭菌可在人和动物中引发多种不同的组织毒性和肠毒性疾病，这是因为它能够产生多种强效蛋白质毒素，其中许多毒素是细胞外毒素。目前的分离株分类方案于20世纪60年代最终确定，该方案基于分离株产生四种分型毒素（α毒素、β毒素、ε毒素和ι毒素）的组合能力，将产气荚膜梭菌菌株分为A至E毒素型。然而，该方案现已过时，因为它没有考虑到其他毒素的发现，而这些毒素已被证明是产气荚膜梭菌介导的特定疾病所必需的。我们提出了一个早就该进行的对这种毒素分型方案的修订。描述了分型系统扩展的原则，以及一种可以提出并随后批准新毒素型的机制。基于这些标准，已经建立了两种新的毒素型。产气荚膜梭菌F型由产生产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素（CPE）但不产生β毒素、ε毒素或ι毒素的分离株组成。F型菌株将包括导致产气荚膜梭菌介导的人类食物中毒和抗生素相关性腹泻的菌株。产气荚膜梭菌G型包括产生NetB毒素从而在鸡中引起坏死性肠炎的分离株。未来产气荚膜梭菌毒素型至少有两个候选类型，但在这些毒素型能够正式提出并被接受之前，还需要进一步的实验工作。
