Lee Jugyeong, Choi Diane B, Liu Fang, Grieco John P, Achee Nicole L
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Insects. 2018 Jun 4;9(2):60. doi: 10.3390/insects9020060.
Dengue fever is an acute disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted primarily by the mosquito . The current strategy for dengue prevention is vector control including the use of topical repellents to reduce mosquito biting. Although ,-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (DEET) is the most common active ingredient in topical repellent products, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is also used commercially. Studies have indicated PMD reduced biting by 90⁻95% for up to 6⁻8 h, similar to the efficacy of DEET, depending on the testing environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral effects of PMD on blood feeding and fecundity to explore the potential impact of PMD on downstream mosquito life-history traits. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, cohorts of female (Belize strain) were exposed to 20% PMD or ethanol for 10 min in a closed system and introduced to an artificial membrane feeding system. Following a 30min feed time, mosquitoes of Experiment 1 were killed and weighed as a proxy measure of blood meal, whereas mosquitoes of Experiment 2 were monitored for oviposition, a measure of fecundity. Results showed a statistically significant reduction ( < 0.001) in the percentage of that blood-fed when exposed to PMD (38%) compared to those non-exposed (49%). No significant difference in fecundity between test populations was indicated. These findings suggest that exposure of to 20% PMD may influence the probability of subsequent blood feeding but of those mosquitoes that do blood feed, egg-lay density is not affected. Further studies are warranted to investigate the full range of effects of PMD exposure on other life-history traits such as mating, to continue characterizing the potential effects of PMD to impact overall vector population dynamics.
登革热是一种由登革热病毒引起的急性疾病，主要通过蚊子传播。目前预防登革热的策略是病媒控制，包括使用外用驱避剂以减少蚊虫叮咬。虽然N，N-二乙基间甲苯甲酰胺（避蚊胺）是外用驱避剂产品中最常见的活性成分，但对薄荷烷-3,8-二醇（PMD）也在商业上使用。研究表明，根据测试环境的不同，PMD可在长达6-8小时内减少90%-95%的叮咬，与避蚊胺的功效相似。本研究的目的是评估PMD对吸血和繁殖力的行为影响，以探讨PMD对下游蚊虫生活史特征的潜在影响。进行了两项实验。在两个实验中，将一批雌性白纹伊蚊（伯利兹品系）在封闭系统中暴露于20%的PMD或乙醇中10分钟，然后引入人工膜饲系统。经过30分钟的喂食时间后，实验1中的蚊子被杀死并称重，作为血餐的替代指标，而实验2中的蚊子则被监测产卵情况，作为繁殖力的指标。结果显示，与未接触PMD的蚊子（49%）相比，接触PMD的蚊子（38%）吸血的百分比有统计学显著降低（P<0.001）。测试种群之间的繁殖力没有显著差异。这些发现表明，将白纹伊蚊暴露于20%的PMD可能会影响其随后吸血的概率，但对于那些确实吸血的蚊子，产卵密度不受影响。有必要进一步研究PMD暴露对其他蚊虫生活史特征（如交配）的全面影响，以继续表征PMD对总体病媒种群动态的潜在影响。
