Medical Entomology & Biology of Disease Vectors Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Dec 17;11(1):661. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3239-0.
Protecting people outdoors against mosquito-borne diseases is a major challenge. Here we compared commercially available personal protection methods to identify the most effective method for outdoor use in northern Lao PDR.
From June to August 2016 the protective efficacy of treatments were compared in a secondary forest during the afternoon and a village during the evening. Comparisons were made using a replicated Latin square design between: (i) short permethrin-treated overalls; (ii) long permethrin-treated overalls; (iii) short untreated overalls with para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) applied topically; (iv) short permethrin-treated overalls plus PMD applied topically; (v) short untreated overalls with metofluthrin coils in a metal casing worn on a belt; and (vi) long untreated overalls. Short untreated overalls served as the control. Cone tests were conducted on the treated and untreated fabric before and after field experiments. A questionnaire survey was used to measure social acceptability.
Mosquito coils in a metal casing worn on a belt resulted in 92.3% (95% confidence interval, CI: 88.9-94.6%). landing protection from female mosquitoes in the afternoon and 68.8% (95% CI: 41.7-83.3%) protection in the evening compared to short untreated clothing. PMD was protective both when combined with short permethrin-treated overalls (afternoon, 68.2%, 95% CI: 52.6-78.7%; evening, 52.3%, 95% CI: 33.8-65.7%) and when used in combination with short untreated overalls (afternoon, 55.0%, 95% CI: 41.7-65.2%; evening, 25.2%, 95% CI: 9.4-38.2%). Whilst long permethrin-treated overalls were protective (afternoon, 61.1%, 95% CI: 51.4-68.8%; evening, 43.0%, 95% CI: 25.5-56.4%), short permethrin-treated overalls and long untreated overalls were not. Exposure to new permethrin-treated fabric in cone tests resulted in 25.0% (95% CI, 17.8-32.2%) and 26.2% (95% CI 16.7-35.8%) mortality for susceptible Ae. albopictus and susceptible Ae. aegypti, respectively. There was a loss of efficacy of permethrin-treated clothing after use in the field, with 3 min knockdown rates of Ae. albopictus and 1 h knockdown of Ae. aegypti decreasing over time. Participants considered all treatments acceptable.
The portable mosquito coils were highly protective against outdoor biting mosquitoes, although there are safety concerns related to its use. The combination of permethrin-treated clothing and PMD repellent represent an alternative treatment for protection against outdoor-biting mosquitoes.
在户外保护人们免受蚊子传播疾病的侵害是一项重大挑战。在这里，我们比较了市售的个人防护方法，以确定在老挝北部农村地区户外使用最有效的方法。
2016 年 6 月至 8 月，在下午的次生林和晚上的村庄中比较了处理方法的保护效果。使用复制的拉丁方设计在以下方法之间进行比较：（i）短的经丙炔菊酯处理的工作服；（ii）长的经丙炔菊酯处理的工作服；（iii）未经处理的短工作服，并用对孟烷-3,8-二醇（PMD）局部涂抹；（iv）短的经丙炔菊酯处理的工作服加 PMD 局部涂抹；（v）用金属外壳中的 Metofluthrin 线圈戴在腰带上的短未经处理的工作服；（vi）长未经处理的工作服。未经处理的短工作服作为对照。在野外实验前后对处理和未经处理的织物进行了锥体测试。使用问卷调查来衡量社会可接受性。
与未经处理的短工作服相比，戴在腰带上的金属外壳中的蚊香可在下午提供 92.3%（95%置信区间，CI：88.9-94.6%）的防蚊保护，晚上为 68.8%（95%CI：41.7-83.3%）。PMD 与短的经丙炔菊酯处理的工作服结合使用时具有保护作用（下午，68.2%，95%CI：52.6-78.7%；晚上，52.3%，95%CI：33.8-65.7%），与短的未经处理的工作服结合使用时也具有保护作用（下午，55.0%，95%CI：41.7-65.2%；晚上，25.2%，95%CI：9.4-38.2%）。虽然长的经丙炔菊酯处理的工作服具有保护作用（下午，61.1%，95%CI：51.4-68.8%；晚上，43.0%，95%CI：25.5-56.4%），但短的经丙炔菊酯处理的工作服和长的未经处理的工作服却没有。在锥体测试中，新的经丙炔菊酯处理的织物暴露会导致易感的白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊分别死亡 25.0%（95%CI，17.8-32.2%）和 26.2%（95%CI 16.7-35.8%）。在野外使用后，经丙炔菊酯处理的衣物的功效会下降，白纹伊蚊的 3 分钟击倒率和埃及伊蚊的 1 小时击倒率会随时间而降低。参与者认为所有治疗方法均可接受。
便携式蚊香对户外叮咬蚊子具有高度保护作用，尽管其使用存在安全隐患。经丙炔菊酯处理的衣物和 PMD 驱虫剂的组合是针对户外叮咬蚊子的替代治疗方法。
