Cysarz Dirk, Linhard Maijana, Seifert Georg, Edelhäuser Friedrich
Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner-Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2018 May 8;9:468. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00468. eCollection 2018.
The electrocardiogram-based cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technique may be used to track sleep instabilities. With progressing age, maturational changes during childhood and adolescence affect sleep. The objective was to assess developmental changes in sleep instabilities in a natural setting. ECGs during nighttime sleep on regular school days were recorded from 363 subjects aged 4 to 22 years (204 females). The estimated total sleep time (ETST) decreased from 598 to 445 min during childhood and adolescence. Stable sleep linearly decreased with progressing age (high frequency coupling (HFC): 70-48% ETST). Unstable sleep [low frequency coupling (LFC): 9-19% ETST], sleep fragmentation or disordered breathing (elevated LFC: 4-12% ETST), and wake/REM states [very low frequency coupling (VLFC): 20-32% ETST] linearly increased with age. Hence, with progressing age the sleep of children and adolescents shortens, becomes more unstable and is more often affected by fragmentation or sleep disordered breathing, especially in the age group >13 years. It remains to be clarified whether some of the changes are caused by a social jetlag, i.e., the misalignment of body clock and social time especially in adolescents.
基于心电图的心肺耦合（CPC）技术可用于追踪睡眠不稳定性。随着年龄增长，儿童期和青少年期的成熟变化会影响睡眠。目的是在自然环境中评估睡眠不稳定性的发育变化。记录了363名4至22岁受试者（204名女性）在正常上学日夜间睡眠期间的心电图。儿童期和青少年期的估计总睡眠时间（ETST）从598分钟降至445分钟。稳定睡眠随年龄增长呈线性下降（高频耦合（HFC）：占ETST的70 - 48%）。不稳定睡眠[低频耦合（LFC）：占ETST的9 - 19%]、睡眠片段化或呼吸紊乱（LFC升高：占ETST的4 - 12%）以及清醒/快速眼动状态[极低频耦合（VLFC）：占ETST的20 - 32%]随年龄呈线性增加。因此，随着年龄增长，儿童和青少年的睡眠时间缩短，变得更加不稳定，且更常受到片段化或睡眠呼吸紊乱的影响，尤其是在13岁以上的年龄组。身体时钟与社交时间的失调，特别是在青少年中，即社会时差，是否导致了其中一些变化仍有待阐明。
