Beloozerova I N, Orlovsky G N, Pavlova G A
Exp Brain Res. 1985;58(2):263-72. doi: 10.1007/BF00235308.
Activity from neurons in isolated pedal ganglia of Clione limacina was recorded intracellularly during generation of rhythmic swimming. To map the distribution of cells in a ganglion, one of two microelectrodes was used to monitor activity of the identified neuron (1A or 2A), while the second electrode was used to penetrate successively all the visible neurons within a definite area of the ganglion. In addition, pairs of neurons of various types were recorded in different combinations with each other. Intracellular staining of neurons was also performed. Each ganglion contained about 400 neurons, of which about 60 neurons exhibited rhythmic activity related to a swim cycle. These rhythmic neurons were divided into 9 groups (types) according to axonal projections, electrical properties and the phase of activity in a swim cycle. Three types of interneurons and six types of efferent neurons were distinguished. Type 7 and 8 interneurons generated only one spike of long (50-150 ms) duration per swim cycle. Type 7 interneurons discharged in the phase of the cycle that corresponded (in actual swimming) to the dorsal movement of wings (D-phase). Type 8 interneurons discharged in the opposite phase corresponding to the ventral movement of wings (V-phase). With excitation of type 7 interneurons, an IPSP appeared in the type 8 interneurons, and vice versa. Neuropilar branching of these neurons was observed in the ipsilateral ganglion. In addition, they sent an axon to the contralateral ganglion across the pedal commissure. Efferent neurons (i.e. the cells sending axons into the wing nerve) generated spikes of 1-5 ms duration. Type 1 and 3 neurons were excited in the D-phase of a swim cycle and were inhibited in the V-phase. Type 2 and 4 neurons were excited in the V-phase and inhibited in the D-phase. Type 10 neurons received only an excitatory input in the V-phase, while type 6 neurons received only an inhibitory input in the D-phase. Type 12 interneurons were non-spiking cells, they generated a stable depolarization ("plateau") throughout most of the V-phase. Neurons of the same type from one ganglion (except for type 6) were electrically coupled to each other. There were also electrical connections between most neurons firing in the same phase of the cycle, i.e. between types 3 and 7, as well as between types 2, 4 and 8. Type 7 interneurons from the left and right ganglia were electrically coupled, the same was true for type 8 interneurons.
在海天使（Clione limacina）分离的足神经节产生节律性游泳运动期间，对其中的神经元活动进行了细胞内记录。为了绘制神经节中细胞的分布图，两个微电极中的一个用于监测已识别神经元（1A或2A）的活动，而另一个电极则用于依次穿透神经节特定区域内所有可见的神经元。此外，还以不同组合记录了各种类型的神经元对。同时也对神经元进行了细胞内染色。每个神经节包含约400个神经元，其中约60个神经元表现出与游泳周期相关的节律性活动。这些节律性神经元根据轴突投射、电特性和游泳周期中的活动相位被分为9组（类型）。区分出了三种类型的中间神经元和六种类型的传出神经元。7型和8型中间神经元每个游泳周期仅产生一个持续时间长（50 - 150毫秒）的峰电位。7型中间神经元在与翅膀背向运动（D相）相对应的周期相位中放电（在实际游泳中）。8型中间神经元在与翅膀腹向运动（V相）相对应的相反相位中放电。当7型中间神经元受到刺激时，8型中间神经元会出现抑制性突触后电位（IPSP），反之亦然。在同侧神经节中观察到这些神经元的神经纤维分支。此外，它们通过足连合向对侧神经节发送轴突。传出神经元（即那些将轴突发送到翅神经的细胞）产生持续时间为1 - 5毫秒的峰电位。1型和3型神经元在游泳周期的D相中被兴奋，在V相中被抑制。2型和4型神经元在V相中被兴奋，在D相中被抑制。10型神经元在V相中仅接受兴奋性输入，而6型神经元在D相中仅接受抑制性输入。12型中间神经元是无峰电位细胞，它们在大部分V相中产生稳定的去极化（“平台”）。来自一个神经节的相同类型的神经元（6型除外）彼此电耦合。在周期同一相位放电的大多数神经元之间也存在电连接，即3型和7型之间，以及2型、4型和8型之间。来自左右神经节的7型中间神经元电耦合，8型中间神经元也是如此。
