Chalmers D, Marcus S, Aaronson B, Engstrom D
Curr Alcohol. 1979;7:391-400.
Substance abuse profiles were compared among alcoholics, problem smokers, and overeaters. Fifteen scales were investigated under the rubrics of Motivation, Style (Craving, Loss of Control, and Drug Use) and Effects (Beneficial and Harmful). While all three samples were similar on the Motivation scales, Smokers differed substantially from Alcoholics and Overeaters on the Style scales and in terms of Emotional effects. Smoker were more similar to Alcoholics on perceived beneficial effects, and Alcoholics reported more severe harmful effects. Implications of the results for substance dependency theories and for treatment models were discussed.
对酗酒者、有问题的吸烟者和暴饮暴食者的药物滥用情况进行了比较。在动机、方式（渴望、失控和药物使用）以及影响（有益和有害）等类别下，研究了15个量表。虽然所有三个样本在动机量表上相似，但吸烟者在方式量表以及情绪影响方面与酗酒者和暴饮暴食者有很大不同。吸烟者在感知到的有益影响方面与酗酒者更相似，而酗酒者报告的有害影响更严重。讨论了研究结果对药物依赖理论和治疗模式的启示。
