Franko Jennifer, McCall Jamie L, Barnett John B
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1803:255-296. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_17.
Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells that have a multitude of functions depending on their differentiation state. While classically known for their phagocytic and antigen presentation abilities, it is now evident that these cells fulfill homeostatic functions beyond the elimination of invading pathogens. In addition, macrophages have also been implicated in the downregulation of inflammatory responses following pathogen removal, tissue remodeling, repair, and angiogenesis. Alterations in macrophage differentiation and/or activity due to xenobiotic exposure can have grave consequences on organismal homeostasis, potentially contributing to disease due to immunosuppression or chronic inflammatory responses, depending upon the pathways affected. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the macrophages subtypes, their origin and a general discussion of several different assays used to assess their functional status.
巨噬细胞是一类异质性细胞群，其功能多样，取决于它们的分化状态。虽然巨噬细胞传统上以其吞噬和抗原呈递能力而闻名，但现在很明显，这些细胞除了能清除入侵病原体之外，还具有维持内环境稳定的功能。此外，巨噬细胞还与病原体清除后炎症反应的下调、组织重塑、修复和血管生成有关。由于接触外源性物质而导致的巨噬细胞分化和/或活性改变，可能会对机体的内环境稳定产生严重影响，根据受影响的途径不同，可能会因免疫抑制或慢性炎症反应而导致疾病。在本章中，我们将概述巨噬细胞的亚型、它们的起源，并对用于评估其功能状态的几种不同检测方法进行一般性讨论。
