Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T6, Canada.
J Immunol. 2018 Jul 15;201(2):406-416. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701440. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Class I PI3K enzymes play critical roles in B cell activation by phosphorylating plasma membrane lipids to generate two distinct phosphoinositide (PI) products, PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2. These PIs each bind distinct but overlapping sets of intracellular proteins that control cell survival, cytoskeletal reorganization, and metabolic activity. The tandem PH domain containing proteins (TAPPs) bind with high specificity to PI(3,4)P2, and their genetic uncoupling from PI(3,4)P2 in TAPP knock in (KI) mice was previously found to cause chronic B cell activation, abnormal germinal centers (GCs), and autoimmunity. In this article, we find that TAPPs provide feedback regulation affecting PI3K signaling and metabolic activation of B cells. Upon activation, TAPP KI B cells show enhanced metabolic activity associated with increased extracellular acidification rate, increased expression of glucose transporter GLUT1, and increased glucose uptake. TAPP KI B cells show markedly increased activation of the PI3K-regulated kinases Akt, GSK3β, and p70-S6K. Conversely, overexpression of the C-terminal TAPP PH domains in B cells can inhibit Akt phosphorylation by a mechanism requiring the TAPP PI(3,4)P2-binding pocket. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway in TAPP KI B cells reduced GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake, whereas inhibition of Akt alone was not sufficient to normalize these responses. TAPP KI GC B cells also show increased GLUT1 and glucose uptake, and treatment with the inhibitor of glycolysis 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced chronic GC responses and autoantibody production within these mice. Our findings show that TAPP-PI(3,4)P2 interaction controls activation of glycolysis and highlights the significance of this pathway for B cell activation, GC responses, and autoimmunity.
I 类 PI3K 酶在 B 细胞激活中发挥关键作用,通过磷酸化质膜脂质生成两种不同的磷酸肌醇(PI)产物,PI(3,4,5)P3 和 PI(3,4)P2。这些 PI 各自结合具有不同但重叠的一组细胞内蛋白,这些蛋白控制细胞存活、细胞骨架重组和代谢活性。串联 PH 结构域蛋白(TAPPs)与 PI(3,4)P2 具有高度特异性结合,以前发现它们在 TAPP 敲入(KI)小鼠中的遗传分离与 PI(3,4)P2 分离会导致慢性 B 细胞激活、异常生发中心(GC)和自身免疫。在本文中,我们发现 TAPPs 提供反馈调节,影响 B 细胞的 PI3K 信号和代谢激活。在激活后,TAPP KI B 细胞显示出与细胞外酸化率增加、葡萄糖转运蛋白 GLUT1 表达增加和葡萄糖摄取增加相关的代谢活性增强。TAPP KI B 细胞中 PI3K 调节的激酶 Akt、GSK3β 和 p70-S6K 的活性显著增加。相反,在 B 细胞中过表达 TAPP C 末端 PH 结构域可以通过需要 TAPP PI(3,4)P2 结合口袋的机制抑制 Akt 磷酸化。在 TAPP KI B 细胞中抑制 PI3K 途径降低了 GLUT1 的表达和葡萄糖摄取,而单独抑制 Akt 不足以使这些反应正常化。TAPP KI GC B 细胞也显示出 GLUT1 和葡萄糖摄取增加,并且用糖酵解抑制剂 2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖处理可降低这些小鼠中慢性 GC 反应和自身抗体产生。我们的研究结果表明,TAPP-PI(3,4)P2 相互作用控制糖酵解的激活,并强调了该途径对 B 细胞激活、GC 反应和自身免疫的重要性。
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