The aim of this study was to determine the effects of preoperative anxiety on the postoperative pain and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing cesarean deliveries (CDs). This observational cohort study included 160 women, with ages ranging from 18 to 40 years old and a 37-week minimum gestation, received general (Group 1,  = 80) or spinal (Group 2,  = 80) anesthesia during an elective CD. The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), and Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS) were used to measure the prenatal anxiety. The postoperative pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the pain and analgesic requirements were recorded at the 1st, 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th postoperative hours. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the demographics, clinical characteristics, or laboratory parameters. In addition, there were no differences with regard to the mean SAI, TAI, and SSAS scores and the diclofenac and pethidine consumptions ( > .05). The 1st hour [4.15 ± 1.84 versus 3.28 ± 2.41, odds ratio (OR) = 0.832, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.725-0.956,  = .009], 6th hour (3.85 ± 2.02 versus 3.13 ± 1.51, OR = 0.793, 95% CI = 0.668-0.942,  = .008), and 12th hour (3.64 ± 2.11 versus 2.94 ± 2.03, OR = 0.851, 95% CI = 0.737-0.983,  = .028) VAS scores were lower in Group 2 than in Group 1. No correlations were noted between the SAI, TAI, and SSAS scores and the VAS. While the patients with preoperative SAI scores >45 and who underwent cesarean deliveries (CDs) with general anesthesia had higher pain intensity scores in the first 12 hours than those underwent CDs with the spinal anesthesia, no difference was observed between the groups in terms of the postoperative analgesic requirements. Evaluating the patient's anxiety state and psychiatric evaluation may be useful for decreasing the postoperative pain intensity. Further studies are needed to corroborate our findings.