Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 1;622-623:1485-1498. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.328. Epub 2017 Dec 22.
The current work is an attempt to illustrate the importance of using passive soil gas as an innovative investigation technique in the assessment of soil and groundwater pollutions that emanates from volatile hydrocarbon activities in newly emerging countries. Bazian Oil Refinery as one of the largest refinery in Iraqi Kurdistan Region produces 40,000 barrels a day and provides a wide range of petroleum products for daily consumption. The types and scale of different process that happen in this industrial site have led to concerns with regard to its impact on both the soil and groundwater the vicinity of the factory. The researcher conducted a combined sampling design with a dual-phased extraction procedure for soil vapor and groundwater samples in order to assess the susceptibility of the subsurface to pollution with hydrocarbon. The aims were to characterize potential source(s), map the areal extent of the site which is at risk to be affected with the identified9 hydrocarbon compounds and vapor. A collection kit from Beacon Environmental Service was used to collect a total number of 50 passive soil vapors in the first step of work. To extrapolate results, five shallow boring for soils and six for water sampling were carefully observed. The selection of the sampling points was based on the results revealed by the PSG survey that showed significant quantities of analyzed organic hydrocarbon for a follow-up investigation. The matrices were analyzed by ALS Laboratory to target more than 40 VOCs and SVOCs. The plan was to make the mass to concentration tie-in for the selected analyzed compounds (Benzene, Toluene, and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) from the PSG in mass (nanograms) with both the soil and water samples in concentration. The results revealed that the PSG technique is unique in identifying the source and extent of soil and groundwater pollutions plume.
当前的工作旨在说明将被动土壤气体用作新兴国家中源自挥发性烃活动的土壤和地下水污染评估的创新性调查技术的重要性。Bazian 炼油厂是伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区最大的炼油厂之一，每天生产 40,000 桶石油，并提供各种石油产品供日常消费。该工业场所发生的不同类型和规模的过程引起了人们对其对工厂附近土壤和地下水的影响的关注。研究人员采用了土壤蒸气和地下水样本的组合采样设计和双相提取程序，以评估地下表面对烃类污染的敏感性。目的是确定潜在的污染源，绘制该区域的地图，该区域有受到已识别的 9 种碳氢化合物化合物和蒸气影响的风险。Beacon Environmental Service 的收集套件用于在工作的第一步中收集总共 50 个被动土壤蒸气。为了推断结果，仔细观察了五个浅层土壤和六个地下水采样。采样点的选择基于 PSG 调查结果，该结果显示出大量分析的有机烃类物质，需要进行后续调查。ALS 实验室对基质进行了分析，以针对超过 40 种 VOC 和 SVOC 进行检测。计划是使从 PSG 中选择的分析化合物（苯、甲苯和总石油烃）的质量（纳克）与土壤和水样中的浓度建立质量到浓度的联系。结果表明，PSG 技术在识别土壤和地下水污染羽流的来源和范围方面具有独特性。
