Martínez-Rísquez M T, Friaza V, de la Horra C, Martín-Juan J, Calderón E J, Medrano F J
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos, Sevilla, España.
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc). 2018 Nov;218(8):417-420. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.04.016. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is a severe disease of unknown etiology. Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus able to colonize patients with chronic pulmonary disease and inducing alveolar macrophage activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between Pneumocystis jirovecii and AIP.
The presence of P. jirovecii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the four confirmed cases of AIP identified in a tertiary-care hospital over a period of nine years was studied using a 2-step nested-PCR protocol assay.
P. jirovecii was identified in the four cases. None of them had HIV infection. Two of the patients were treated empirically with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the only survivor was being one of them.
Our data suggest that Pneumocystis could trigger or favor the development of AIP. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of the pathogen in the physiopathology of this disease.
急性间质性肺炎（AIP）是一种病因不明的严重疾病。耶氏肺孢子菌是一种非典型机会性真菌，能够在慢性肺病患者中定植并诱导肺泡巨噬细胞活化。本研究的目的是评估耶氏肺孢子菌与AIP之间可能存在的关联。
采用两步巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测方法，对一家三级医院在9年期间确诊的4例AIP患者支气管肺泡灌洗液中耶氏肺孢子菌的存在情况进行了研究。
4例患者均检测出耶氏肺孢子菌。他们均未感染HIV。其中2例患者接受了复方新诺明经验性治疗，唯一的幸存者是其中之一。
我们的数据表明，肺孢子菌可能触发或促进AIP的发生发展。需要进一步研究以评估该病原体在这种疾病病理生理学中的作用。
