Liu Yan-Yun, Brent Gregory A
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1801:47-59. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7902-8_6.
Thyroid hormone has a broad range of biological effects, both during development and in the adult. Nuclear thyroid hormone action is mediated by thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β. Thyroid hormone also has nongenomic actions at the membrane, which are less well characterized. Both TRα and TRβ undergo posttranslational modification, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and recently identified sumoylation. These posttranslational modifications have been shown to influence thyroid hormone signaling by altering TR DNA binding, TR interaction with cofactors, and TR-mediated transcription. The best characterized modification, with respect to gene regulation, is sumoylation, which plays an important role in nutrient regulators-mediated gene expression. We present an approach to study posttranslational modification of TR by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), a process referred to as sumoylation.
甲状腺激素在发育过程和成年期都具有广泛的生物学效应。甲状腺激素的核作用由甲状腺激素受体（TR）α和β介导。甲状腺激素在细胞膜上也有非基因组作用，其特征尚不明确。TRα和TRβ都经历翻译后修饰，包括磷酸化、乙酰化以及最近发现的SUMO化。这些翻译后修饰已被证明可通过改变TR与DNA的结合、TR与辅因子的相互作用以及TR介导的转录来影响甲状腺激素信号传导。就基因调控而言，最具特征的修饰是SUMO化，它在营养调节剂介导的基因表达中起重要作用。我们提出了一种通过小泛素样修饰物（SUMO）研究TR翻译后修饰的方法，这一过程称为SUMO化。
