East Carolina University - College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina.
Department of Medicine, East Carolina University - Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina.
J Clin Nurs. 2018 Oct;27(19-20):3750-3757. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14551. Epub 2018 Jul 23.
To identify health and physiological measures, depressive symptoms and locus of control (LOC) in adherence to a low salt (1,500 mg sodium), diet in African American (AA) adults with hypertension (HTN).
Adherence determinants to self-management behaviours among AA adults with HTN is essential in prevention of outcomes such as stroke. A low-salt diet is one key factor in the successful management of HTN.
A cross-sectional correlational design.
Systolic blood pressure, co-morbidities, serum creatinine, potassium, education, depression, LOC and social support were examined in relationship to self-reported adherence to a low-salt diet in a sample of AA adults (N = 77) aged 55-84. Demographic and physiologic data were collected in addition to diet adherence on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Standardised tools included Multidimensional Health LOC scale and the Patient Health Question-9 Depression Instrument.
Lower adherence to a low-salt diet was more prevalent in females (n = 27; 73%). A moderate negative correlation (r = -0.294; p < 0.01) was found with low-salt diet adherence in the PHQ-9 (r = -0.294; p < 0.01). Both multiple regression, models significantly influenced adherence to low salt diet, with both models explaining 24% of the variance; internal LOC (F = 2.599 [8, 68]; p = 0.02) and external LOC (F = 2.667 [8, 68]; p = 0.013).
Increasing awareness of factors affecting adherence to a low-salt diet is important for clinicians for effective management of HTN in AA adults.
Nurses are encouraged to adopt a comprehensive assessment of those with HTN to identify psychosocial needs, in particular depressive symptoms, as a potential secondary prevention measure.
确定健康和生理指标、抑郁症状和控制源（LOC）在遵守低盐（1500 毫克钠）饮食方面，在患有高血压（HTN）的非裔美国人（AA）成年人中的作用。
AA 成年人中与 HTN 相关的自我管理行为的依从性决定因素，对于预防中风等后果至关重要。低盐饮食是成功管理 HTN 的一个关键因素。
横断面相关性设计。
在 77 名年龄在 55-84 岁的 AA 成年人样本中，检查收缩压、合并症、血清肌酐、钾、教育、抑郁、LOC 和社会支持与自我报告的低盐饮食依从性之间的关系。除了饮食依从性之外，还收集了人口统计学和生理学数据，在 100 毫米视觉模拟量表上进行评估。标准工具包括多维健康 LOC 量表和患者健康问卷-9 抑郁量表。
女性（n=27；73%）更普遍地低遵守低盐饮食。PHQ-9 与低盐饮食的依从性呈中度负相关（r=-0.294；p<0.01）。多元回归模型都显著影响低盐饮食的依从性，两个模型解释了 24%的方差；内部 LOC（F=2.599[8,68]；p=0.02）和外部 LOC（F=2.667[8,68]；p=0.013）。
提高对影响低盐饮食依从性因素的认识，对临床医生有效管理 AA 成年人的 HTN 非常重要。
鼓励护士对患有 HTN 的患者进行全面评估，以确定心理社会需求，特别是抑郁症状，作为潜在的二级预防措施。
