Front Horm Res. 2018;49:85-103. doi: 10.1159/000486002. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Cushing's syndrome (CS), including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes among its many manifestations, is "a model" of metabolic syndrome. Glucocorticoid (GC) excess, through a combination of effects on liver, muscle, adipose tissue and pancreas, increases gluconeogenesis and impairs insulin sensitivity, leading to carbohydrate abnormalities. Dyslipidemia is a common finding in CS as a consequence of GC-related increased lipolysis, lipogenesis and adipogenesis. CS patients experience typical changes in body composition, with fat redistribution resulting in accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. Hypertension, myocardial and vascular abnormalities along with the metabolic changes and the characteristic coagulopathy increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome features can persist long after normalisation of cortisol levels.
库欣综合征（CS）包括内脏肥胖、血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病等多种表现，是代谢综合征的“典范”。糖皮质激素（GC）过多通过对肝脏、肌肉、脂肪组织和胰腺的综合作用，增加糖异生并损害胰岛素敏感性，导致碳水化合物异常。血脂异常是 CS 的常见表现，这是由于 GC 相关的脂肪分解、脂肪生成和脂肪形成增加所致。CS 患者经历典型的身体成分变化，脂肪重新分布导致内脏脂肪组织堆积。高血压、心肌和血管异常以及代谢变化和特征性凝血障碍增加了心血管发病率和死亡率。皮质醇水平正常化后，代谢综合征特征仍可长期存在。
