Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Microbiologyopen. 2019 Apr;8(4):e00672. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.672. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Host-associated microbiota undergoes a continuous transition, from the birth to adulthood of the host. These developmental stage-related transitions could lead to specific microbial signatures that could impact the host biological processes. In this study, the succession of early-life and intestinal bacterial communities of Atlantic salmon (starting from embryonic stages to 80-week post hatch; wph) was studied using amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA. Stage-specific bacterial community compositions and the progressive transitions of the communities were evident in both the early life and the intestine. The embryonic communities showed lower richness and diversity (Shannon and PD whole tree) compared to the hatchlings. A marked transition of the intestinal communities also occurred during the development; Proteobacteria were dominant in the early stages (both embryonic and intestinal), though the abundant genera under this phylum were stage-specific. Firmicutes were the most abundant group in the intestine of late freshwater; Weissella being the dominant genus at 20 wph and Anaerofilum at 62 wph. Proteobacteria regained its dominance after the fish entered seawater. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis identified genera under the above - mentioned phyla that are significant features of specific stages. The environmental (water) bacterial community was significantly different from that of the fish, indicating that the host is a determinant of microbial assemblage. Overall the study demonstrated the community dynamics during the development of Atlantic salmon.
宿主相关的微生物群经历着连续的转变,从宿主的出生到成年。这些与发育阶段相关的转变可能导致特定的微生物特征,从而影响宿主的生物过程。在这项研究中,使用 16S rRNA 扩增子测序研究了大西洋鲑鱼(从胚胎阶段到孵化后 80 周;wph)的早期和肠道细菌群落的演替。在早期生命和肠道中,都明显存在特定于阶段的细菌群落组成和群落的渐进转变。与孵化幼体相比,胚胎群落的丰富度和多样性(Shannon 和 PD 全树)较低。肠道群落也在发育过程中发生明显转变;在早期(胚胎和肠道),厚壁菌门占优势,尽管该门下的丰富属是特定于阶段的。在晚期淡水肠道中,Firmicutes 是最丰富的群体;在 20wph 时 Weissella 是优势属,在 62wph 时 Anaerofilum 是优势属。在鱼类进入海水后,Proteobacteria 重新获得优势。此外,LEfSe 分析确定了上述门属中特定阶段的显著特征。环境(水)细菌群落与鱼类的细菌群落显著不同,表明宿主是微生物组合的决定因素。总的来说,这项研究展示了大西洋鲑鱼发育过程中的群落动态。