Integrating large quantities of data from multiple, disparate sources can create new opportunities to understand complex environmental health questions. Currently, efforts are under way to develop methods to reliably integrate data from sources or designed experiments that are not traditionally used in environmental health research, such as electronic health records (EHRs), geospatial datasets, and crowd-based sources. However, combining new types and larger quantities of data to inform a specific decision also presents many new challenges. On February 20–21, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore the promise and potential pitfalls of environmental health data integration. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of scientists, policy makers, risk assessors, and regulators to discuss the topic. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.