Bluetongue: virological and epidemiological observations in Israel.

Bluetongue (BT) has become endemic in Israel. Five BT virus (BTV) types have been identified, of which BTV 4 is dominant. Results of the regular monitoring of viral activity in ruminants and Culicoides, including country-wide serological surveillance in bovines and virus recovery trials from bovine semen, are represented. The seasonal and geographical distribution, susceptibility of various species and applied preventive measures are discussed. Further studies are needed to establish the interseasonal epizootiology of BT in Israel.