Augustine Mairin E, Leerkes Esther M, Smolen Andrew, Calkins Susan D
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Dev Psychobiol. 2018 Nov;60(7):789-804. doi: 10.1002/dev.21745. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Gene-by-environment interactions between maternal sensitivity during infancy and child oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) and D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2 TaqIA, rs1822497) genotypes were explored as predictors of toddlers' well-regulated behavioral and physiological responses to maternal compliance demands. Maternal sensitivity was assessed across a range of mother-child interactions when children were 6 months and 1 year of age (N = 186), and toddler self-regulatory responses were assessed through compliance and vagal withdrawal during a toy clean-up task when children were 2 years of age. Sensitivity-by-OXTR interactions suggested two diathesis-stress patterns, predicting compliance for the GG genotype group, and predicting physiological regulation for the AA/AG genotype group. A main effect for DRD2 genotype indicated that children with an A1 allele displayed less-compliant behavior in toddlerhood. These results suggest that genetic differences may contribute to variation both in risk for self-regulatory difficulties, and in relations between maternal sensitivity and children's responses to compliance demands at different levels of analysis.
本研究探讨了婴儿期母亲敏感性与儿童催产素受体基因（OXTR rs53576）及D2多巴胺受体基因（DRD2 TaqIA，rs1822497）基因型之间的基因-环境相互作用，以此作为幼儿对母亲依从性要求产生行为和生理反应良好调节的预测指标。在儿童6个月和1岁时，通过一系列母婴互动评估母亲敏感性（N = 186），在儿童2岁时，通过玩具清理任务中的依从性和迷走神经退缩评估幼儿的自我调节反应。敏感性与OXTR的相互作用表明了两种素质-应激模式，预测GG基因型组的依从性，以及预测AA/AG基因型组的生理调节。DRD2基因型的主效应表明，携带A1等位基因的儿童在幼儿期表现出较低的依从性行为。这些结果表明，在不同分析水平上，遗传差异可能导致自我调节困难风险的差异，以及母亲敏感性与儿童对依从性要求反应之间关系的差异。
