Growth-Dynamic-Controllable Rapid Crystallization Boosts the Perovskite Photovoltaics' Robust Preparation: From Blade Coating to Painting.

Perovskite-based solar cells have been developed intensively in recent years because of their attractive applications in next-generation photovoltaics with low cost and high efficiency. However, the fabrication processes need to be further improved to meet the requirements in actual industrial production with reliable process and scalable fabrication. Here, coordinated thermal/solvent engineering-enhanced rapid crystallization strategy is reported to realize the fast and robust preparation of perovskite films. The modified solution-based coating method enables the precursor solutions to rapidly form highly crystalline perovskite films with large crystal domains through effectively controlled growth dynamics, including the nucleation and lateral growth processes. Benefitted from specific crystallization mechanisms, high-quality perovskite films with efficient photovoltaic performance in corresponding devices were readily produced either using the blade-coating or even the painting method: an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.32% was obtained when using the blade-coating method and up to 16.01% average PCE was realized by the direct painting process. Most importantly, this one-step painting method is demonstrated to be fairly reliable with high repeatability, showing a promising future for the scalable and rapid production of perovskite film with controllable film uniformity and thickness.