Duke University, 334 Blackwell St., Suite 320, Durham, 27701, NC, USA.
Duke University, 334 Blackwell St., Suite 320, Durham, 27701, NC, USA.
Appetite. 2018 Sep 1;128:321-332. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.016. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
The mechanisms that lead to overeating and the consumption of tempting, unhealthy foods have been studied extensively, but the compensatory actions taken afterwards have not. Here we describe the naïve models individuals hold around dietary splurges (single bouts of overeating) and associated weight changes. Across six online experiments, we found that, following a hypothetical dietary splurge, participants did not plan to adequately adjust calorie consumption to account for the additional calories consumed (Studies 1 and 2), and this pattern was worse following hypothetical splurges characterized by a large amount of food consumed in a single bout (Study 3). Participants expected weight changes to happen faster than they do in reality (Study 4) and they expected that weight gained from a dietary splurge would disappear on its own without explicit compensation attempts through diet or exercise (Study 5). Similarly, participants expected that when compensation attempts were made through calorie restriction, the rate of weight loss would be faster following a dietary splurge compared to normal eating (Study 6). This research contributes novel data demonstrating an important mechanism that likely contributes to weight gain and failed weight loss attempts.
尽管人们对导致暴饮暴食和食用诱人、不健康食物的机制进行了广泛的研究，但对随后采取的补偿措施却研究甚少。在这里，我们描述了个体对饮食放纵（单次暴饮暴食）和相关体重变化的天真认知。在六项在线实验中，我们发现，在假设的饮食放纵后，参与者并没有计划充分调整卡路里摄入量以抵消额外摄入的卡路里（研究 1 和 2），而且在假设的暴饮暴食中，这种模式在单次摄入大量食物的情况下更为严重（研究 3）。参与者预计体重变化的速度会比实际情况更快（研究 4），而且他们预计饮食放纵导致的体重增加会自行消失，而无需通过节食或运动等明确的补偿措施（研究 5）。同样，参与者预计在通过限制卡路里摄入进行补偿时，与正常饮食相比，在饮食放纵后体重下降的速度会更快（研究 6）。这项研究提供了新的数据，证明了一种可能导致体重增加和减肥失败的重要机制。
