Zhao Jiang, Wan Rong, Liu Zhitao, Min Xiangdong, Wan Qingqing, Zhang Qiang, Ruan Yuan, Cai Tongjian
Yunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2017 Jul;46(4):573-578.
Analysis of breast milk composition and influencing factors of the Han, Bai and Dai nationalities in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2012.
To choose two typical ethnic minorities-Bai and Dai in Yunnan province with high density of minorities population by using cross-sectional survey and multi-stage cluster sampling. 1053 aged 0-9 month babies and their healthy mothers with the first delivery of Dai, Bai and Han were selected as samples from Heqing county of Dali and Xishuangbanna city where most population were Bai and Dai people. The mothers were surveyed with the questionnaire and their breast milk was collected for the determination of the content of protein, fat and carbohydrate of breast milk; to evaluate the nutrition status of babies by using Z-scoremethod and to analyze the result by using multiple factors analysis of stepwise regression method.
The contents of protein, fat and carbohydrate from the three nationalities breast milk are as follows. First, the protein, fat and carbohydrate from Han woman were( 1. 509 ± 0. 700), ( 3. 613 ± 1. 491) and( 6. 168 ± 0. 599) g/100 mL, respectively. Secondly, those of Dai nationality the lastrias breast milk were( 1. 464 ±0. 980), ( 2. 843 ± 1. 434) and( 6. 386 ± 0. 652) g/100 mL. Finally, those from Bai people were( 1. 567 ± 0. 724), ( 3. 791 ± 1. 643) and( 6. 190 ± 0. 669) g/100 mL. Morbidities of the babies sample including Han, Bai and Dai nationalities underweight, growth retardation and emaciation were 3. 80%( 40/1053), 5. 14%( 54/1051), 2. 39%( 25/1045). With other variables excluded, within one month after postpartum, breading mothers' milk was lower in fat due to their more outdoor activities and intake of olive and sesame oil compared with those who took peanut and soybean oil. More than 60 days after delivery, the more iodated salt and the more eating yellow fruits the mothers took in within one month by eating yellow fruits, the higher of fat content their breast milk was. More than 60 days after delivery, the more iodated salt the mothers take in within one month, the lower of carbohydrate content their breast milk was. Meanwhile the more number of pregnancy and more intake of olive and sesame oil comparing with peanut and soybean oil, the higher of carbohydrate content. The less of protein content of female babies compared with male babies their breast milk was. The lastrias who took in olive and sesame oil had less protein content of the breast milk compared with those taking in peanut and soybean oil. The lastrias who took in milk or milk products within 60 days after delivery had higher protein content of the breast milk.
Nutrition problems of babies under 1 year old in Yunnan Province still exist. Breast milk contents of breast-feed mothers of Han, Dai and Bai can be influenced by a lot of factors, such as baby sex, pregnant times, outdoor activities in daytime and dietary intake of breast-feed mother.
分析2010年至2012年云南省汉族、白族和傣族的母乳成分及影响因素。
采用横断面调查和多阶段整群抽样方法，选取云南省少数民族人口密度较高的两个典型少数民族——白族和傣族。从大理州鹤庆县和西双版纳市选取1053名年龄在0至9个月的婴儿及其首次分娩的健康母亲作为样本，这些地区多数人口为白族和傣族。对母亲进行问卷调查，并收集她们的母乳，测定母乳中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的含量；采用Z评分法评估婴儿的营养状况，并使用逐步回归法进行多因素分析。
三个民族母乳中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的含量如下。首先，汉族女性母乳中的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物分别为（1.509±0.700）、（3.613±1.491）和（6.168±0.599）g/100mL。其次，傣族女性母乳中的含量分别为（1.464±0.980）、（2.843±1.434）和（6.386±0.652）g/100mL。最后，白族女性母乳中的含量分别为（1.567±0.724）、（3.791±1.643）和（6.190±0.669）g/100mL。汉族、白族和傣族婴儿样本中体重不足、生长迟缓及消瘦的发病率分别为3.80%（40/1053）、5.14%（54/1051）、2.39%（25/1045）。排除其他变量后，产后1个月内，与食用花生油和大豆油的母亲相比，户外活动较多且食用橄榄油和芝麻油的哺乳母亲母乳中的脂肪含量较低。分娩60天后，母亲在1个月内摄入的碘盐越多、食用黄色水果越多，其母乳中的脂肪含量越高。分娩60天后，母亲在1个月内摄入的碘盐越多，其母乳中的碳水化合物含量越低。同时，怀孕次数越多、食用橄榄油和芝麻油与花生油和大豆油相比，碳水化合物含量越高。女婴母乳中的蛋白质含量低于男婴。食用橄榄油和芝麻油的母亲母乳中的蛋白质含量低于食用花生油和大豆油的母亲。分娩后60天内食用牛奶或奶制品的母亲母乳中的蛋白质含量较高。
云南省1岁以下婴儿仍存在营养问题。汉族、傣族和白族母乳喂养母亲的母乳含量会受到多种因素的影响，如婴儿性别、怀孕次数、白天户外活动情况及母乳喂养母亲的饮食摄入。
