[小学生营养午餐中微量营养素摄入量的评估]

[Evaluation of micronutrient intake from nutrition lunch among primary school students].

作者信息

Xia Haoye, Dai Xu, Wang Liang, Tian Jingfeng, Liang Xinxin, Zhu Wenli

机构信息

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

出版信息

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2016 Jul;45(4):593-598.

PMID:29903328

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the micronutrient intake of nutrition lunch and the proportion contrasting with all day diet among primary school students.

METHODS

A method of convenient sampling was performed to select 770 students of grades 1 to 6 from four primary schools in Fengtai district of Beijing which offered nutrition lunch. We analyzed school lunch recipes for three consecutive days using diet analysis software and considered the residual situation, calculated micronutrient intake from nutrition lunch, including calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2, vitamin C. The micronutrient intake outside school was obtained by using dietary retrospective method.

RESULTS

Inadequate intake ratios of micronutrients of nutrition lunch, including calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2, vitamin C, were 100%, 14. 5%, 19. 6%, 78. 7%, 98. 2%, 74. 2% and 92. 7%, respectively. Inadequate intake ratios of seven kinds of micronutrients of all day diet were 94. 2%, 14. 0%, 12. 6%, 61. 7%, 79. 2%, 51. 7% and 63. 9%, respectively. Inadequate micronutrient intake ratios of nutrition lunch and all day diet increased with the age growth( P < 0. 001). The proportion of the actual intake of micronutrients in RNI was lower than the corresponding standards in nutrition lunch and all day diet among all age groups, expect iron and zinc. The levels of iron and zinc reached recommended value( 40%), which was the mean of the proportion of the intake of nutrition lunch in the intake of all day diet, and these levels of other micronutrients were about 30%.

CONCLUSION

The micronutrient intake situation of nutrition lunch and all day diet failed to meet the needs of the growth and development of primary school students, little contribution was made by the nutrient intake of nutrition lunch for all day diet.

摘要

目的

评估小学生营养午餐的微量营养素摄入量及其占全天膳食的比例。

方法

采用方便抽样法，从北京市丰台区提供营养午餐的4所小学选取1至6年级的770名学生。连续3天使用饮食分析软件分析学校午餐食谱并考虑剩余情况，计算营养午餐中钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B₁、维生素B₂、维生素C的微量营养素摄入量。校外微量营养素摄入量采用膳食回顾法获得。

结果

营养午餐中钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B₁、维生素B₂、维生素C的微量营养素摄入不足率分别为100%、14.5%、19.6%、78.7%、98.2%、74.2%和92.7%。全天膳食7种微量营养素摄入不足率分别为94.2%、14.0%、12.6%、61.7%、79.2%、51.7%和63.9%。营养午餐和全天膳食的微量营养素摄入不足率均随年龄增长而升高（P<0.001）。各年龄组营养午餐和全天膳食中微量营养素实际摄入量占推荐摄入量（RNI）的比例均低于相应标准，铁和锌除外。铁和锌的水平达到推荐值（40%），即营养午餐摄入量占全天膳食摄入量的比例均值，其他微量营养素的这些水平约为30%。