Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Human-Environment Systems Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
Science. 2018 Jun 15;360(6394):1232-1235. doi: 10.1126/science.aar7121.
Rapid expansion of human activity has driven well-documented shifts in the spatial distribution of wildlife, but the cumulative effect of human disturbance on the temporal dynamics of animals has not been quantified. We examined anthropogenic effects on mammal diel activity patterns, conducting a meta-analysis of 76 studies of 62 species from six continents. Our global study revealed a strong effect of humans on daily patterns of wildlife activity. Animals increased their nocturnality by an average factor of 1.36 in response to human disturbance. This finding was consistent across continents, habitats, taxa, and human activities. As the global human footprint expands, temporal avoidance of humans may facilitate human-wildlife coexistence. However, such responses can result in marked shifts away from natural patterns of activity, with consequences for fitness, population persistence, community interactions, and evolution.
人类活动的迅速扩张导致野生动物的空间分布发生了有据可查的变化，但人类干扰对动物时间动态的累积影响尚未量化。我们研究了人为因素对哺乳动物昼夜活动模式的影响，对来自六大洲的 62 个物种的 76 项研究进行了荟萃分析。我们的全球研究表明，人类对野生动物活动的日常模式有强烈影响。动物对人类干扰的反应平均增加了 1.36 倍的夜间活动。这一发现与各大洲、栖息地、分类群和人类活动一致。随着全球人类足迹的扩大，动物为了避免与人类接触可能会在时间上进行调整，从而促进人与野生动物的共存。然而，这种反应可能导致活动模式发生明显偏离自然状态，从而对适应能力、种群存续、群落相互作用和进化产生影响。
