Elías-Boneta Augusto R, Toro Milagros J, Rivas-Tumanyan Sona, Rajendra-Santosh Arvind Babu, Brache Michael, Collins C James R
School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica.
P R Health Sci J. 2018 Jun;37(2):115-123.
To estimate the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of gingival inflammation in a group of adults from Kingston, Jamaica; Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; and San Juan, Puerto Rico.
In this representative cross-sectional study, participants completed medical and oral health questionnaires and received an oral clinical examination by trained and calibrated examiners. Clinical assessments included: gingival health (modified Löe-Silness index), visible plaque and presence of calculus. Findings were summarized as mean overall and interproximal gingival indices (GI; IGI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), gingival inflammation prevalence (GI>=0.5) and severity (mild, moderate, severe), mean and interproximal visible plaque indices (VPI; IVPI), and calculus index. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between risk factors and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) at >= 40% sites;. odds ratios were estimated.
All 1,847 participants presented gingival inflammation; most (81.9%) had moderate inflammation. Mean GI, VPI, IVPI, and calculus indices were 1.49, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.66, respectively; most participants presented a VPI >= 30%. BOP >= 40% of sites was significantly associated with education (ORmiddle/technical vs. university education=1.61; p =0.001 and ORnone/basic vs. university= 2.86; p<0.001), calculus index (OR: 10.35), VPI >= 30% (OR: 7.85; p<0.001 for both), and being a resident of Kingston or Santo Domingo (vs. San Juan, OR: 4. 74 and OR: 7.09, respectively), after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, dental visit frequency, diabetes, and hypertension.
Gingival inflammation was highly prevalent. Most participants presented moderate gingival inflammation. Educational attainment, dental calculus, and VPI >= 30% were strongly associated with gingival inflammation.
评估牙买加金斯敦、多米尼加共和国圣多明各以及波多黎各圣胡安的一组成年人牙龈炎症的患病率、严重程度及相关危险因素。
在这项具有代表性的横断面研究中，参与者完成了医学和口腔健康问卷，并接受了经过培训且校准的检查人员进行的口腔临床检查。临床评估包括：牙龈健康状况（改良的洛 - 西伦斯指数）、可见菌斑和牙结石的存在情况。研究结果总结为总体和邻面牙龈指数（GI；IGI）、牙龈出血指数（GBI）、牙龈炎症患病率（GI >= 0.5）和严重程度（轻度、中度、重度）、总体和邻面可见菌斑指数（VPI；IVPI）以及牙结石指数。采用多因素逻辑回归分析来评估危险因素与探诊出血（BOP）在 >= 40%部位之间的关联；估计优势比。
所有1847名参与者均存在牙龈炎症；大多数（81.9%）患有中度炎症。平均GI、VPI、IVPI和牙结石指数分别为1.49、0.94、0.96和0.66；大多数参与者的VPI >= 30%。在调整年龄、性别、吸烟、看牙频率、糖尿病和高血压因素后，BOP >= 40%的部位与教育程度（中等/技术教育与大学教育相比，OR = 1.61；p = 0.001；无/基础教育与大学教育相比，OR = 2.86；p < 0.001）、牙结石指数（OR：10.35）、VPI >= 30%（两者的OR：7.85；p < 0.001）以及居住在金斯敦或圣多明各（与圣胡安相比，OR分别为4.74和7.09）显著相关。
牙龈炎症高度普遍。大多数参与者患有中度牙龈炎症。教育程度、牙结石以及VPI >= 30%与牙龈炎症密切相关。
