College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Oct;161:397-401. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.012. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
Triphenyltin (TPT) is one of the most toxic chemicals artificially discharged into aquatic environment with human activities. Due to its intensive use in antifouling paints and adverse effects on non-target species, TPT has aroused wide concern in both saltwater and freshwater environment. Nevertheless, the water quality criteria (WQC) are not available in China, which impedes the risk assessment for this emerging pollutant. This study aims to establish the WQC of TPT for both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. With the derived WQC, a four-level tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach was employed to assess the ecological risks of this emerging pollutant in Chinese waters. Through the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology, the freshwater criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) were derived as 396 ng Sn L and 5.60 ng Sn L, respectively, whereas the saltwater CMC and CCC were 66.5 ng Sn L and 4.11 ng Sn L, respectively. The ecological risk assessment for TPT demonstrated that the acute risk was negligible whereas the chronic risk was significant with HQ (Hazard Quotient) values of up to 5.669 and 57.1% of coastal waters in China facing clear risk. TPT contamination in coastal environment, therefore, warrants further concern.
三苯基锡（TPT）是人类活动向水生环境中排放的最具毒性的化学物质之一。由于其在防污涂料中的广泛使用以及对非靶标物种的不利影响，TPT 已在海水和淡水环境中引起了广泛关注。然而，中国尚未制定 TPT 的水质标准（WQC），这阻碍了对这种新兴污染物的风险评估。本研究旨在为淡水和咸水生态系统建立 TPT 的 WQC。利用推导出的 WQC，采用四级分层生态风险评估（ERA）方法评估了中国水中这种新兴污染物的生态风险。通过物种敏感性分布（SSD）方法，推导出淡水的基准最大浓度（CMC）和基准连续浓度（CCC）分别为 396ng Sn/L 和 5.60ng Sn/L，而海水的 CMC 和 CCC 分别为 66.5ng Sn/L 和 4.11ng Sn/L。TPT 的生态风险评估表明，急性风险可以忽略不计，而慢性风险则很显著，中国沿海地区高达 5.669 的 HQ（危害系数）值和 57.1%的地区面临明显的风险。因此，沿海环境中的 TPT 污染需要进一步关注。
