Quantitative Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Group on Measurement Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Quantitative Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Group on Measurement Invariance and Analysis of Change (GEIMAC), Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Dec;270:1092-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.079. Epub 2018 Jun 3.
Using the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a frame of reference, this study identifies the most common problems of functioning and the environmental factors that are experienced by patients with schizophrenia. An empirical cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted. Data were collected using a case record form, rated by health professionals, that contained 133 ICF categories and which also gathered clinical and sociodemographic information. A total of 127 patients with schizophrenia participated. The categories with a higher prevalence of impairment in the Body functions component were related to mental functions [e.g. b164 Higher-level cognitive functions (97.6%), b152 Emotional functions (88.2%)]. Patients also showed impairment in several categories from the Activities and participation component, reflecting restrictions and limitations in several challenging everyday activities such as solving problems (77.2%), handling stress (87.4%), looking after one's health (63.8%), informal social relationships (70.9%), economic self-sufficiency (68.5%), and leisure (79.5%). Environmental factors were most frequently scored as facilitators. Support from family (94.5%) and health professionals (99.2%), together with antipsychotic medication (96.9%) and social (85.0%) and health services (95.3%), were the most common factors for people with schizophrenia. Our study identified the most common problems in functioning and the environmental factors that are experienced by persons with schizophrenia. This kind of comprehensive approach to the assessment of functioning in schizophrenia could help to shape interventions for improving functioning in this population.
本研究采用世界卫生组织国际功能、残疾和健康分类（ICF）作为参考框架，确定精神分裂症患者最常见的功能障碍问题和所经历的环境因素。这是一项实证性的跨中心研究。研究数据通过病例记录表收集，由健康专业人员进行评分，记录表包含 133 个 ICF 类别，并收集了临床和社会人口学信息。共有 127 名精神分裂症患者参与了本研究。在身体功能组成部分中，精神功能相关的类别[如 b164 高级认知功能（97.6%），b152 情绪功能（88.2%）]出现损伤的比例较高。患者在活动和参与组成部分的几个类别中也表现出损伤，反映了在解决问题（77.2%）、应对压力（87.4%）、照顾自己的健康（63.8%）、非正式社会关系（70.9%）、经济自给自足（68.5%）和休闲（79.5%）等多项具有挑战性的日常活动中存在限制和困难。环境因素被评为促进因素的比例最高。家庭（94.5%）和卫生专业人员（99.2%）的支持，以及抗精神病药物（96.9%）、社会（85.0%）和卫生服务（95.3%），是精神分裂症患者最常见的因素。本研究确定了精神分裂症患者最常见的功能障碍问题和所经历的环境因素。这种全面评估精神分裂症患者功能的方法可以帮助制定改善该人群功能的干预措施。
