Yale Center for Asylum Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Asylum and Human Rights Clinic, University of Connecticut School of Law, Hartford, CT, USA.
J Gen Intern Med. 2019 Jan;34(1):137-143. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4524-5. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
In 2016, over 65 million individuals were displaced from their homes due to human rights abuses, and 262,000 people applied for asylum in the USA. Individuals who have experienced persecution are present in many primary and specialty clinics. A medical forensic evaluation can increase the likelihood of a successful asylum case. This paper reviews the legal framework for asylum and the contribution forensic evaluations can make to this vulnerable population. Physicians without asylum expertise can help these patients by recognizing their legal right to residential protection and referring them to lawyers and physicians with expert skills. Performing forensic examinations of asylum seekers offers physicians the opportunity to collaborate with attorneys, immigration officials, and human rights experts. Clinicians who do this work find it personally and professionally rewarding, especially when they impart their expert knowledge and skills to future clinicians by involving trainees in these evaluations. Physicians who encounter refugees or asylum seekers in their roles as providers or as preceptors should have familiarity with the field of asylum medicine to enhance the comprehensive care they deliver.
2016 年，超过 6500 万人因遭受人权侵犯而被迫离开家园，26.2 万人向美国申请庇护。许多初级和专科诊所都有遭受迫害的人。医疗法医评估可以增加庇护案件成功的可能性。本文回顾了庇护的法律框架以及法医评估可以为这一弱势群体做出的贡献。没有庇护专业知识的医生可以通过承认他们获得居住保护的合法权利，并将他们转介给具有专业技能的律师和医生，来帮助这些患者。对寻求庇护者进行法医检查为医生提供了与律师、移民官员和人权专家合作的机会。从事这项工作的临床医生发现这在个人和专业上都是有益的，特别是当他们通过让受训者参与这些评估来将自己的专业知识和技能传授给未来的临床医生时。在提供服务或担任导师的过程中遇到难民或寻求庇护者的医生，应该熟悉庇护医学领域，以加强他们提供的全面护理。
