Niedbala Elizabeth M, Hohman Zachary P, Harris Breanna N, Abide Alexandra C
Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, MS 2051, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, MS 3131, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2018 Oct 1;194:277-284. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.011. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Retaliating against a threatening outgroup offers group members specific rewards, such as restored group esteem, a reduction in anger, and a sense of gratification. Because retaliation is rewarding, group members may appraise an attack on the outgroup to be beneficial, even if it feels physically painful. We hypothesized that group members would be more willing to endure pain to retaliate against a threatening outgroup, and that appraising the painful retaliation as rewarding would down-regulate their physiological stress response to pain. Participants were manipulated to feel threatened by a rival group and then completed the cold-pressor. During the cold-pressor, participants either retaliated against the outgroup or not. Results showed that retaliation inhibited physiological responses to pain, alleviated intergroup anger, and felt less aversive. We propose that these responses are caused by a cognitive reappraisal of pain, where painful retaliation is expected to be rewarding instead of threatening.
对具有威胁性的外群体进行报复会给群体成员带来特定的回报，比如恢复群体自尊、减轻愤怒以及产生满足感。由于报复是有回报的，群体成员可能会认为对外群体的攻击是有益的，即使这在身体上会带来痛苦。我们假设群体成员会更愿意忍受痛苦去报复具有威胁性的外群体，并且将痛苦的报复视为有回报会下调他们对疼痛的生理应激反应。参与者被操纵使其感到受到竞争群体的威胁，然后完成冷加压试验。在冷加压试验期间，参与者要么对外群体进行报复，要么不报复。结果表明，报复抑制了对疼痛的生理反应，减轻了群体间的愤怒，并且感觉不那么厌恶了。我们认为这些反应是由对疼痛的认知重新评估引起的，即预期痛苦的报复是有回报的而非具有威胁性的。
