Kurahashi Naoko, Futamura Yukiko, Nonobe Norie, Ogaya Shunsuke, Maki Yuki, Yoshimura Ikuko, Suzuki Takeshi, Hosokawa Yosuke, Yamada Keitaro, Aso Kosaburo, Maruyama Koichi, Nakamura Miho
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Japan.
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Minamiseikyo Hospital, Japan.
Brain Dev. 2018 Nov;40(10):850-856. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.05.018. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
There are few studies on hiragana reading skill and phonological awareness in Japanese schoolchildren with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
Three seven-year-old children with PVL who had no intellectual disabilities or dysarthria were recruited. Their perinatal information, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) at term equivalent age, accompanying neurodevelopmental disorders, ophthalmologic features, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), a hiragana reading test (four tasks), and a phonological awareness task (mora reversal tasks) were analyzed.
Patient (Pt) 1 and pt2 were male. Pt2 and pt3 were siblings of triplets. Their gestational age was 28 or 32 weeks, and their birth weights were 1196, 1554, and 1848 g, respectively. Their brain MRI revealed cystic or non-cystic periventricular white matter injury involving the deep white matter at the trigone of both lateral ventricles. Pt1 had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pt3 had pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. All patients had strabismus with spared best-corrected visual acuity. Scores of Reading/Decoding in K-ABC ranged from 89 to 99. As for the single mora reading task or the non-word reading task in the kana reading test, Z scores of their reading time ranged from 2.3 to 5.9 compared to control children. Pt1 and pt3 made significant errors in the mora reversal task of three-mora words, whereas all patients could answer all words correctly in the mora reversal task of two-mora words.
All children showed significantly prolonged reading time despite their adequate letter recognition. Two patients showed delayed phonological awareness. It was suggested that hiragana decoding impairment due to subcortical and/or cortical injury related to PVL affected their reading ability.
关于患有脑室周围白质软化症（PVL）的日本学龄儿童的平假名阅读技能和语音意识的研究很少。
招募了三名无智力障碍或构音障碍的7岁PVL儿童。分析了他们的围产期信息、足月等效年龄时的脑磁共振成像（MRI）、伴随的神经发育障碍、眼科特征、考夫曼儿童能力评估测验（K-ABC）、平假名阅读测试（四项任务）和语音意识任务（音节反转任务）。
患者1（Pt1）和患者2（Pt2）为男性。Pt2和患者3（Pt3）是三胞胎中的兄弟姐妹。他们的孕周为28或32周，出生体重分别为1196、1554和1848克。他们的脑部MRI显示囊性或非囊性脑室周围白质损伤，累及双侧脑室三角区的深部白质。Pt1患有注意力缺陷多动障碍，Pt3患有未特定的广泛性发育障碍。所有患者均有斜视，最佳矫正视力未受影响。K-ABC中的阅读/解码分数在89至99之间。在平假名阅读测试的单音节阅读任务或非单词阅读任务中，与对照儿童相比，他们的阅读时间Z分数在2.3至5.9之间。Pt1和Pt3在三音节单词的音节反转任务中出现了显著错误，而所有患者在双音节单词的音节反转任务中都能正确回答所有单词。
尽管所有儿童的字母识别能力正常，但他们的阅读时间均显著延长。两名患者表现出语音意识延迟。提示与PVL相关的皮质下和/或皮质损伤导致的平假名解码障碍影响了他们的阅读能力。
