Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom.
Conscious Cogn. 2018 Aug;63:254-266. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Cognitive and affective penetration of perception refers to the influence that higher mental states such as beliefs and emotions have on perceptual systems. Psychological and neuroscientific studies appear to show that these states modulate the visual system at the visuomotor, attentional, and late levels of processing. However, empirical evidence showing that similar consequences occur in early stages of visual processing seems to be scarce. In this paper, I argue that psychological evidence does not seem to be either sufficient or necessary to argue in favour of or against the cognitive penetration of perception in either late or early vision. In order to do that we need to have recourse to brain imaging techniques. Thus, I introduce a neuroscientific study and argue that it seems to provide well-grounded evidence for the cognitive penetration of early vision in face perception. I also examine and reject alternative explanations to my conclusion.
认知和情感对感知的渗透是指信仰和情感等更高的心理状态对感知系统的影响。心理学和神经科学的研究似乎表明，这些状态在视动、注意和后期处理水平上调节视觉系统。然而，似乎很少有证据表明在视觉处理的早期阶段也会出现类似的结果。在本文中，我认为，心理证据似乎既不足以支持也不足以反对感知的认知渗透，无论是在后期还是早期视觉中。为了做到这一点，我们需要诉诸脑成像技术。因此，我介绍了一项神经科学研究，并认为它似乎为面部感知的早期视觉认知渗透提供了可靠的证据。我还检查并拒绝了对我结论的替代解释。
