Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018 Aug;3(8):704-712. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.04.012. Epub 2018 May 22.
Given the partially shared genetic liability between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we aimed to assess whether 7-year-old children with a familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder display specific deficits of sustained attention and interference control compared with each other and with control children.
An observational cohort was identified through Danish registries and consisted of 522 children 7 years of age with no, one, or two parents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Control subjects were matched based on age, sex, and municipality. Sustained attention and interference control were assessed using Conners' Continuous Performance Test II and a modified Eriksen flanker task. Assessors were blinded to group membership of participants. The effect of higher genetic loading was not considered in the statistical models owing to low numbers.
At 7 years of age, children with a familial high risk of schizophrenia displayed deficits of sustained attention and subtle deficits in interference control compared with control children and children with a familial high risk of bipolar disorder. Children with a familial high risk of bipolar disorder displayed similar abilities of sustained attention and interference control as control children except in terms of a lower accuracy.
Our findings suggest distinct neurodevelopmental characteristics in middle childhood of sustained attention and interference control for children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
鉴于精神分裂症和双相情感障碍之间存在部分共同的遗传易感性，我们旨在评估具有精神分裂症或双相情感障碍家族高风险的 7 岁儿童与彼此以及与对照儿童相比，是否存在持续注意力和干扰控制的特定缺陷。
通过丹麦登记处确定了一个观察性队列，该队列包括 522 名 7 岁儿童，他们的父母中没有、有一位或两位被诊断为精神分裂症或双相情感障碍。对照受试者根据年龄、性别和市进行匹配。使用康纳斯连续绩效测试 II 和改良的埃里森侧翼任务评估持续注意力和干扰控制。评估者对参与者的分组情况不知情。由于数量较少，在统计模型中未考虑更高遗传负荷的影响。
在 7 岁时，与对照儿童和具有家族性双相情感障碍高风险的儿童相比，具有精神分裂症家族高风险的儿童表现出持续注意力缺陷和干扰控制能力的细微缺陷。具有家族性双相情感障碍高风险的儿童在持续注意力和干扰控制方面的表现与对照儿童相似，但准确性较低。
我们的研究结果表明，父母患有精神分裂症或双相情感障碍的儿童在儿童中期存在持续注意力和干扰控制方面的不同神经发育特征。
