a Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM , University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté , Dijon Cedex , France.
b Sportunit , Saint-Appolinaire , France.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Oct;18(9):1199-1207. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1484177. Epub 2018 Jun 17.
Nowadays, fixed gear competitions on outdoor circuits such as criteriums are regularly organized worldwide. To date, no study has investigated this alternative form of cycling. The purpose of the present study was to examine fixed gear performance indexes and to characterize physiological determinants of fixed gear cyclists. This study was carried out in two parts. Part 1 (n = 36) examined correlations between performance indexes obtained during a real fixed gear criterium (time trial, fastest laps, averaged lap time during races, fatigue indexes) and during a sprint track time trial. Part 2 (n = 9) examined correlations between the recorded performance indexes and some aerobic and anaerobic performance outputs (VO, maximal aerobic power, knee extensor and knee flexor maximal voluntary torque, vertical jump height and performance during a modified Wingate test). Results from Part 1 indicated significant correlations between fixed gear final performance (i.e. average lap time during the finals) and single lap time (time trial, fastest lap during races and sprint track time trial). In addition, results from Part 2 revealed significant correlations between fixed gear performance and aerobic indicators (VO and maximal aerobic power). However, no significant relationship was obtained between fixed gear cycling and anaerobic qualities such as strength. Similarly to traditional cycling disciplines, we concluded that fixed gear cycling is mainly limited by aerobic capacity, particularly criteriums final performance. However, specific skills including technical competency should be considered.
如今，世界各地经常组织固定齿轮竞赛等户外巡回赛。迄今为止，尚无研究调查过这种替代形式的自行车运动。本研究的目的是检查固定齿轮的性能指标，并确定固定齿轮自行车运动员的生理决定因素。这项研究分两部分进行。第 1 部分（n=36）考察了在真实固定齿轮自行车竞赛（计时赛、最快圈速、比赛中平均圈速、疲劳指数）和冲刺轨道计时赛中获得的性能指标之间的相关性。第 2 部分（n=9）考察了记录的性能指标与一些有氧和无氧运动表现输出（VO、最大有氧能力、膝关节伸肌和膝关节屈肌最大自主扭矩、垂直跳跃高度和改良的 Wingate 测试中的表现）之间的相关性。第 1 部分的结果表明，固定齿轮自行车的最终性能（即决赛中平均圈速）与单圈时间（计时赛、比赛中的最快圈速和冲刺轨道计时赛）之间存在显著相关性。此外，第 2 部分的结果表明，固定齿轮自行车的性能与有氧指标（VO 和最大有氧能力）之间存在显著相关性。然而，在固定齿轮自行车运动和无氧能力（如力量）之间没有获得显著的关系。与传统的自行车运动一样，我们得出结论，固定齿轮自行车运动主要受有氧能力的限制，尤其是在竞赛的最后阶段。然而，应考虑包括技术能力在内的特定技能。
