Egeland Kjølv, Hugo Torbjørn Graff, Løvold Magnus, Nystuen Gro
a Norwegian Academy of International Law , Oslo , Norway.
b Article 36 , London , UK.
Med Confl Surviv. 2018 Jun;34(2):74-94. doi: 10.1080/13623699.2018.1483878. Epub 2018 Jun 18.
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in July 2017, has been met with mixed reactions. While supporters have described the Treaty as a watershed in the struggle for disarmament, others have expressed fervent opposition. One of the most serious charges levelled at the TPNW is that it will undermine the long-standing nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), by many regarded as a cornerstone of the international security architecture. Critics have contended that the new agreement risks eroding the system of safeguards designed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, derailing disarmament efforts within the NPT framework, and aggravating political division between nuclear and non-nuclear powers. Investigating the legal and political cogency of these arguments, we argue that not only may the TPNW be reconciled with existing legal instruments, the new Treaty supports and reinforces key norms and institutions on which the nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament regime is based. Furthermore, any technical challenges that might arise in the future may be addressed at meetings of states party; the drafters envisioned a dynamic process of institutional adaptations and expansion. The main challenge facing advocates of the Treaty is political: convincing the nuclear-armed states to disarm.
2017年7月联合国大会通过的《禁止核武器条约》（TPNW）引发了不同反应。支持者称该条约是裁军斗争中的一个分水岭，而其他人则表示强烈反对。对《禁止核武器条约》提出的最严重指控之一是，它将破坏长期存在的《不扩散核武器条约》（NPT），许多人认为该条约是国际安全架构的基石。批评者认为，新协议有可能削弱旨在防止核武器扩散的保障体系，破坏《不扩散核武器条约》框架内的裁军努力，并加剧核大国与无核大国之间的政治分歧。在研究这些论点的法律和政治说服力时，我们认为，《禁止核武器条约》不仅可以与现有法律文书相协调，新条约还支持并强化了核不扩散与裁军制度所基于的关键规范和机构。此外，未来可能出现的任何技术挑战都可以在缔约国会议上得到解决；起草者设想了一个机构适应性调整和扩展的动态过程。该条约倡导者面临的主要挑战是政治方面的：说服核武器国家裁军。
