Office of Program and Strategic Analysis, Office of Strategic Programs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
Division of Epidemiology II, Office of Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, United States.
Addict Behav. 2018 Nov;86:86-89. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 May 8.
Anecdotal evidence indicates that naloxone prices have risen in recent years, but limited research has examined the magnitude of these increases and potential causes. We contribute nationally representative evidence to help answer each of these questions, including wholesale pricing data from a proprietary drug sales database spanning January 2006 to February 2017. We find that all formulations of naloxone increased in price since 2006 except for Narcan Nasal Spray. These cumulative increases totaled 2281% for the 0.4 MG single-dose products, 244% for the 2 MG single-dose products, 3797% for the 4 MG multi-dose products, and 469% for the 0.4 MG Evzio auto-injector. We believe that increased demand for naloxone from the opioid epidemic may explain the more gradual price increases for the 0.4 MG single-dose and 4 MG multi-dose products prior to 2012. On the other hand, we believe that the sudden, sustained prices increases occurring for all of the products since 2012 may be the result of a drug shortage for the 0.4 MG single-dose products and the fact that each naloxone product has historically been sold by only a single competitor.
有传闻证据表明，纳洛酮的价格近年来有所上涨，但有限的研究调查了这些涨幅的幅度和潜在原因。我们提供了具有全国代表性的证据来帮助回答这些问题，包括 2006 年 1 月至 2017 年 2 月期间来自专有药品销售数据库的批发价格数据。我们发现，自 2006 年以来，除 Narcan Nasal Spray 外，所有纳洛酮制剂的价格都有所上涨。这些累计涨幅分别为：0.4 毫克单剂量产品增长 2281%，2 毫克单剂量产品增长 244%，4 毫克多剂量产品增长 3797%，0.4 毫克 Evzio 自动注射器增长 469%。我们认为，阿片类药物流行导致对纳洛酮的需求增加，可能解释了 2012 年之前 0.4 毫克单剂量和 4 毫克多剂量产品价格增长较为缓慢的原因。另一方面，我们认为，自 2012 年以来，所有产品的价格突然持续上涨，可能是由于 0.4 毫克单剂量产品短缺，以及每种纳洛酮产品历来仅由单一竞争对手销售的事实造成的。
