1 Neurobehavioral Sciences Department, MPI Research, Mattawan, MI, USA.
2 Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2018 Aug;32(8):900-910. doi: 10.1177/0269881118773545. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Levamisole (LVM) is a common adulterant in clandestinely manufactured cocaine (COC), with a range of well-documented deleterious health effects. Although the prevalence of LVM in COC has been widely noted, the subjective effects related to concomitant COC-LVM administration are poorly understood.
The present study sought to compare the subjective effects of LVM alone and in combination with COC in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate COC from vehicle injections.
Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate COC from vehicle injections using a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination procedure. Subsequent dose-effect curves were generated for COC, LVM, and a variety of COC-LVM combinations.
No significant difference in males and females was observed on any measure of responding. LVM alone dose-dependently decreased response rates and failed to produce substitution for COC. When LVM was administered with COC, previously ineffective doses of COC engendered COC-appropriate responding.
LVM potentiates the subjective effects of COC when administered concomitantly. These findings are consistent with the popular notion that LVM is added as an adulterant to COC to amplify the subjective effects of COC administration.
左旋咪唑（LVM）是一种常见的非法制造可卡因（COC）中的掺杂物，具有一系列记录良好的有害健康影响。虽然 LVM 在 COC 中的流行程度已被广泛注意到，但与同时给予 COC-LVM 相关的主观效应仍知之甚少。
本研究旨在比较单独使用 LVM 以及与 COC 联合使用时对雄性和雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的主观影响，这些大鼠已被训练为从车辆注射中辨别 COC。
雄性和雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠使用双杠杆、食物强化药物辨别程序训练为从车辆注射中辨别 COC。随后生成 COC、LVM 以及各种 COC-LVM 组合的剂量-效应曲线。
在任何反应测量方面，雄性和雌性均未观察到显著差异。LVM 单独使用时剂量依赖性地降低了反应率，并且未能替代 COC。当 LVM 与 COC 一起给药时，以前无效的 COC 剂量会产生 COC 适当的反应。
当同时给予 LVM 时，会增强 COC 的主观效应。这些发现与流行的观点一致，即 LVM 作为掺杂物添加到 COC 中，以放大 COC 给药的主观效应。
