[Anemias in infection, inflammation, tumors and liver, kidney and endocrine diseases].

Secondary anemias due to infections, malignancies, endocrinopathies, hepatic and renal disorders, are discussed in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Typical features for each type of secondary anemia are presented to enable a diagnosis by means of simple laboratory methods. Differential diagnosis is rather difficult due to complex mechanisms of pathogenesis. The differentiation of iron deficiency, lack of growth factors, and hemolysis is of utmost importance. Frequently too little diagnostic work up is contrasted by too much mostly unnecessary treatment. The significance of neuraminidases in infections needs further research.