School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
Bioresour Technol. 2018 Oct;265:365-371. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.024. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
In this study, three different methods for high quality solid fuel production were tested and compared experimentally. Oil palm empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fibers, palm kernel shells and rubber seeds shells were treated using thermal (TC), hydrothermal (HTC) and vapothermal (VTC) carbonization. All thermochemical methods were accomplished by using a custom made batch-type reactor. Utilization of novel single reactor equipped with suspended internal container provided efficient operation since both steam generator and raw materials were placed inside the same reactor. Highest energy densification was achieved by VTC process followed by TC and HTC processes. The heating value enhancement in VTC and TC was achieved by the increase in fixed carbon content and reduction in volatile matter. The formation of the spherical components in HTC hydrochar which gave a sharp peak at 340 °C in the DTG curves was suggested as the reason that led to the increment in energy content.
在这项研究中，三种不同的高质量固体燃料生产方法进行了测试和实验比较。油棕空果串、中果皮纤维、棕仁壳和橡胶籽壳分别采用热（TC）、水热（HTC）和汽热（VTC）碳化处理。所有热化学方法都是使用定制的间歇式反应器完成的。新型单反应器配备悬浮式内容器的使用提供了高效的操作，因为蒸汽发生器和原材料都放置在同一个反应器内。VTC 工艺的能量密度最高，其次是 TC 和 HTC 工艺。VTC 和 TC 中的热值提高是通过固定碳含量的增加和挥发分的减少实现的。在 HTC 水热炭的 DTG 曲线中出现 340°C 的尖锐峰值的球形组分的形成被认为是导致能量含量增加的原因。
