Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil.
Department of Periodontology, Sahlgrenska, Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S249-S256. doi: 10.1002/JPER.16-0424.
The aim is to define clinical and histologic characteristics of peri-implant tissues in health and describe the mucosa-implant interface.
An understanding of the characteristics of healthy peri-implant tissues facilitates the recognition of disease (i.e., departure from health).
The healthy peri-implant mucosa is, at the microscopic level, comprised of a core of connective tissue covered by either a keratinized (masticatory mucosa) or non-keratinized epithelium (lining mucosa). The peri-implant mucosa averages about 3 to 4 mm high, and presents with an epithelium (about 2 mm long) facing the implant surface. Small clusters of inflammatory cells are usually present in the connective tissue lateral to the barrier epithelium. Most of the intrabony part of the implant appears to be in contact with mineralized bone (about 60%), while the remaining portion faces bone marrow, vascular structures, or fibrous tissue. During healing following implant installation, bone modeling occurs that may result in some reduction of the marginal bone level.
The characteristics of the peri-implant tissues in health are properly identified in the literature, including tissue dimensions and composition. Deviation from the features of health may be used by the clinician (and researcher) to identify disease, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
定义健康种植体周围组织的临床和组织学特征，并描述黏膜-种植体界面。
了解健康种植体周围组织的特征有助于识别疾病（即与健康状态的偏离）。
健康种植体周围黏膜在显微镜下由覆盖在角化（咀嚼黏膜）或非角化上皮（衬里黏膜）上的结缔组织核心组成。种植体周围黏膜平均高约 3 至 4 毫米，其上皮（约 2 毫米长）面向种植体表面。屏障上皮侧的结缔组织中通常存在少量炎症细胞簇。种植体的大部分骨内部分似乎与矿化骨接触（约 60%），而其余部分则面向骨髓、血管结构或纤维组织。在种植体安装后的愈合过程中，会发生骨重塑，这可能导致边缘骨水平的一些降低。
健康种植体周围组织的特征在文献中得到了正确的描述，包括组织的尺寸和组成。偏离健康特征可被临床医生（和研究人员）用于识别疾病，包括种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎。
