Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2018 Oct;31(5):670-682. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12570. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Childhood nutrition is important in optimising growth, development and future health. The present study compared dietary intakes of Australian children aged 4-8 years with (i) Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) food group recommendations and (ii) age-specific Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs), in addition to (iii) describing food group intakes of children meeting key NRVs.
Data were obtained from a representative sample of children (n = 789) from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey between May 2011 and June 2012. Parent-reported 24-h recall dietary data were disaggregated into five core food groups, along with energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods, with intakes being compared with AGHE recommendations. Food group intakes were compared for children meeting the NRVs for 10 nutrients used for the development of AGHE food groups. Chi-squared and t-tests were performed to determine differences in food group intakes with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Only one child met the recommended daily servings for all AGHE core food groups and none met both core and energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) food group recommendations. The lowest level of alignment (percentage meeting recommendations) was for vegetables (4.6%) and the highest was for fruit (47.7%). Mean (SD) daily intake of EDNP foods [4.7 (3.2) serves day ] accounted for 38.4% of total energy intakes. Children meeting key NRVs (n = 395) consumed greater daily servings of fruit [2.2 (1.7)], dairy [2.2 (1.2)] and EDNP foods [5.0 (3.4)] compared to the total sample (n = 789).
Significant discrepancies exist between contemporary dietary patterns of Australian children and national recommendations. Future AGHE revisions should incorporate greater diversity of consumption patterns, including sub-categories of EDNP foods.
儿童营养对于优化生长、发育和未来健康至关重要。本研究比较了 4-8 岁澳大利亚儿童的饮食摄入情况，包括（i）符合澳大利亚健康饮食指南（AGHE）食物组推荐标准，（ii）符合特定年龄的营养素参考值（NRVs），以及（iii）描述符合关键 NRVs 的儿童的食物组摄入量。
数据来自于 2011 年 5 月至 2012 年 6 月间进行的全国营养和身体活动调查中的代表性儿童样本（n=789）。通过家长报告的 24 小时回忆饮食数据，将其分为五个核心食物组，以及能量密集、营养贫乏（EDNP）食品，将摄入量与 AGHE 推荐标准进行比较。比较符合 AGHE 食物组制定所使用的 10 种营养素 NRVs 的儿童的食物组摄入量。采用卡方检验和 t 检验来确定食物组摄入量的差异，P<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
只有一名儿童符合所有 AGHE 核心食物组的推荐每日摄入量，且无人同时符合核心和能量密集、营养贫乏（EDNP）食物组的推荐标准。符合率最低的是蔬菜（4.6%），最高的是水果（47.7%）。EDNP 食品的平均（SD）每日摄入量[4.7（3.2）份/天]占总能量摄入量的 38.4%。符合关键 NRVs 的儿童（n=395）比总样本（n=789）每天摄入更多的水果[2.2（1.7）份]、奶制品[2.2（1.2）份]和 EDNP 食品[5.0（3.4）份]。
澳大利亚儿童的当代饮食模式与国家建议之间存在显著差异。未来的 AGHE 修订应纳入更广泛的消费模式，包括 EDNP 食品的子类别。
