Scharmanski Sara, Renner Ilona
1 Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen (NZFH), 7-1Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln.
Pflege. 2018;31(5):267-277. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000630. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
Midwives and Nurses in Early Childhood Intervention: The Benefit of Additional Qualification Abstract.
Early childhood interventions are locally and regionally organized support services for families from pregnancy until the end of the third year of life. The interventions promote diverse measures to enhance parental skills in order to improve developmental and living circumstances. Midwives and nurses with additional qualification support burdened families in early childhood intervention.
Within a retrospective survey (standardized interviews, CAPI) mothers' (N = 298) perspective of the benefit of the home visiting support is assessed. Data from two groups were compared: (1) mothers in the care of a midwife or nurse with additional qualification (Gruppe) and (2) mothers cared for by a midwife or nurse without additional qualification (Gruppe).
(1) Families with weighted levels of psychosocial burdens reported an enhanced need for help. (2) Midwives and nurses with additional qualification support more frequently families with high levels of psychosocial burdens. (3) Mothers with care of midwives and nurses with additional qualification reported this support as more useful in relation to every day demands than mothers with regular care after birth (questionnaire for evaluation of the received support: Gruppe: mean = 2.57; Gruppe : mean = 1.97; t (121) = 2.799, p = .003).
The study complements results of national and international studies showing that families with high levels of psychosocial burdens accept home visiting support. Furthermore, this support seems to be useful. An increase of the offer and the additional qualification is recommended for improving the developmental and living conditions of families with psychosocial burdens.
早期儿童干预中的助产士和护士：额外资质的益处 摘要
早期儿童干预是针对从怀孕到孩子三岁末家庭的地方和区域组织的支持服务。这些干预措施促进采取各种措施来提高父母技能，以改善发育和生活环境。具备额外资质的助产士和护士在早期儿童干预中为负担沉重的家庭提供支持。
在一项回顾性调查（标准化访谈，计算机辅助个人访谈）中，评估了母亲们（N = 298）对家访支持益处的看法。比较了两组数据：（1）由具备额外资质的助产士或护士照料的母亲（组）和（2）由不具备额外资质的助产士或护士照料的母亲（组）。
（1）心理社会负担程度加权的家庭报告称对帮助的需求增加。（2）具备额外资质的助产士和护士更频繁地为心理社会负担重的家庭提供支持。（3）由具备额外资质的助产士和护士照料的母亲报告称，这种支持在满足日常需求方面比产后接受常规照料的母亲更有用（所接受支持评估问卷：组：均值 = 2.57；组：均值 = 1.97；t(121) = 2.799，p = 0.003）。
该研究补充了国内和国际研究的结果，表明心理社会负担重的家庭接受家访支持。此外，这种支持似乎是有用的。建议增加此类服务的提供并提升额外资质，以改善心理社会负担重的家庭的发育和生活条件。
